The Kynix Components

Product OverviewTTP223 is a single channel touch detector IC that could be used as a 1 touch key driver. It is a useful interface when replaced with a traditional button key. It has a low power consumption with a wide range of operating voltage. It has an auto calibration feature for life and it has a re-calibration period of about 4.0 seconds. The sensitivity can be adjusted using an external capacitor of 0 to 50 pF. This blog will introduce TTP223 systematically from its features, pinout to its specifications, applications, also including TTP223 datasheet and so much more. CatalogProduct OverviewRelated Video IntroductionTTP223 FeaturesTTP223 PinoutTTP223 ApplicationsTTP223 EquivalentsTTP223 Circuit DiagramTTP223 Block DiagramTTP223 PackageTTP223 SpecificationTTP223 ManufacturerTTP223 DatasheetUsing WarningsTTP223 FAQ Related Video Introduction Video: TTP223 Capacitive Touch Switches  TTP223 Video Description: These premade modules have some great advantages over diy solutions and even physical switches, such as pre-debouncing, mode switching and logic low and high toggling. TTP223 FeaturesOperating voltage 2.0V~5.5VOperating current @VDD=3V, no load, SLRFTB=1At low power mode typical 1.5uA, maximum 3.0uAAt fast mode typical 3.5uA, maximum 7.0uA@VDD=3V, no load, SLRFTB=0At low power mode typical 2.0uA, maximum 4.0uAAt fast mode typical 6.5uA, maximum 13.0uAThe response time max about 60mS at fast mode, 220mS at low power mode @VDD=3VSensitivity can adjust by the capacitance(0~50pF) outsideHave two kinds of sampling length by pad option(SLRFTB pin)Stable touching detection of human body for replacing traditional direct switch keyProvides Fast mode and Low Power mode selection by pad option(LPMB pin)Provides direct mode、toggle mode by pad option(TOG pin)Open drain mode by bonding option, OPDO pin is open drain output,Q pin is CMOS output All output modes can be selected active high or active low by pad option(AHLB pin)Have the maximum on time 100sec by pad option(MOTB pin)Have external power on reset pin(RST pin)After power-on have about 0.5sec stable-time, during the time do not touch the key pad,and the function is disabledAuto calibration for lifeAnd the re-calibration period is about 4.0sec, when key has not be touched TTP223 PinoutThe following figure is the diagram of TTP223 pinout. TTP223 Pinout TTP223 ApplicationsWide consumer productsWater proofed electric productsButton key replacement TTP223 EquivalentsCAP1203TTP226TTP229 Note: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. More technical information can be found in the TTP223 Datasheet linked at the bottom of this page. TTP223 Circuit DiagramThe following is the circuit diagram of TTP223. TTP223 Circuit Diagram PS：1. On PCB, the length of lines from touch pad to IC pin shorter is better. And the lines do not parallel and cross with other lines.The power supply must be stable. If the supply voltage drift or shift quickly, maybe causingsensitivity anomalies or false detections.The material of panel covering on the PCB can not include the metal or the electric element.The paints on the surfaces are the same.The capacitance Cs can be used to adjust the sensitivity. The value of Cs use smaller, thenthe sensitivity will be better. The sensitivity adjustment must according to the practical application on PCB. The range of Cs value is 0~50pF. TTP223 Block DiagramThe following figure shows the block diagram of TTP223. TTP223 Block Diagram TTP223 PackageThe following diagram shows the TTP223 package. TTP223 Package TTP223 SpecificationParameterSymbolTest ConditionMin.Typ.Max.UnitOperating VoltageVDD 2.035.5VSystem oscillatorFFASTVDD=3V-512K- HzFLOW 16K Sensor oscillatorFSENVDD=3V no load-1M-HzOperating CurrentIOPVDD=3Vat low power mode and output no loadSLRFTB=1-1.53.0   uASLRFTB=0-2.04.0VDD=3Vat fast modeand output no loadSLRFTB=1-3.57.0SLRFTB=0 6.513.0Input PortsVILInput Low Voltage0-0.2VDDInput PortsVIHInput High Voltage0.8-1.0VDDOutput Port Sink CurrentIOLVDD=3V, VOL=0.6V-8-mAOutput Port Source CurrentIOHVDD=3V, VOH=2.4V--4-mAOutput Response TimeTRVDD=3V, At fast mode  60 mSVDD=3V, At low power mode  220Input Pin Pull-high ResistorRPHVDD=3V,(LPMB, MOTB, SLRFTB) 35K ohmInput Pin Pull-low ResistorRPLVDD=3V,(TOG, AHLB) 28K   ohmVDD=3V, (RST) 200K   TTP223 ManufacturerTontek Design Technology Ltd. is located in New Taipei City, Taiwan and is part of the Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing Industry. Tontek Design Technology Ltd. has 72 total employees across all of its locations and generates $16.36 million in sales (USD). TTP223 DatasheetYou can download TTP223 datasheet from the link given below:TTP223 Datasheet Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. TTP223 FAQWhat is TTP223 a useful interface when replaced with? Button key. What is the re-calibration period of TTP223? 4.0 seconds. What is the sensitivity of TTP223? 0 to 50 pF. How does a TTP223 work?The TTP223 is a touch pad detector IC replicating a single tactile button. This touch detection IC is designed for replacing traditional direct button key with diverse pad size. 3. Stable touching detection of human body for replacing traditional direct switch key. How do I increase the sensitivity of my TTP223?The TTP223 offers some methods for adjusting the sensitivity outside. 1-1 by the electrode size Under other conditions are fixed. Using a larger electrode size can increase sensitivity. Otherwise it can decrease sensitivity.

 The LSM303DLHC is a system-in-package featuring a 3D digital linear acceleration sensor and a 3D digital magnetic sensor.  CatalogProduct OverviewProduct PinoutBlock DiagramLSM303DLHC CalibrationFeaturesApplicationsFunctionalityDatasheetProduct AttributesMagnetic Field Digital InterfaceUsing WarningFAQ Product OverviewThe LSM303DLHC is a system-in-package featuring a 3D digital linear acceleration sensor and a 3D digital magnetic sensor. The LSM303DLHC has linear acceleration full scales of ±2g / ±4g / ±8g / ±16g and a magnetic field full scale of ±1.3 / ±1.9 / ±2.5 / ±4.0 / ±4.7 / ±5.6 / ±8.1 gauss. The LSM303DLHC includes an I2C serial bus interface that supports standard and fast mode 100 kHz and 400 kHz.  The system can be configured to generate interrupt signals by inertial wake-up/free-fall events as well as by the position of the device itself. Thresholds and timing of interrupt generators are programmable by the end user. Magnetic and accelerometer blocks can be enabled or put into power-down mode separately. The LSM303DLHC is available in a plastic land grid array package (LGA) and is guaranteed to operate over an extended temperature range from -40 °C to +85 °C. Product Pinout LSM303DLHC-Pinout Block Diagram LSM303DLHC-Block-Diagram LSM303DLHC CalibrationThe factory calibration of the LSM303 is accurate enough for most purposes. LSM303DLHC-CalibrationFeatures3 magnetic field channels and 3 acceleration channels From ±1.3 to ±8.1 gauss magnetic field full scale ±2g/±4g/±8g/±16g linear acceleration full scale 16-bit data output I²C serial interface Analog supply voltage 2.16 V to 3.6 V Power-down mode / low-power mode 2 independent programmable interrupt generators for free-fall and motion detection Embedded temperature sensor Embedded FIFO 6D/4D-orientation detection ECOPACK® RoHS and “Green” compliant ApplicationsTilt-compensated compasses Map rotation Position detection Motion-activated functions Free-fall detection Click/double-click recognition Pedometers Intelligent power-saving for handheld devicesDisplay orientation Gaming and virtual reality input devices Impact recognition and logging Vibration monitoring and compensation LSM303DLHC-Application-Hints FunctionalityThe LSM303DLHC is a system-in-package featuring a 3D digital linear acceleration and 3D digital magnetic field detection sensor. The system includes specific sensing elements and an IC interface capable of measuring both the linear acceleration and magnetic field applied to it and providing a signal to the external world through an I²C serial interface with separated digital output. The sensing system is manufactured using specialized micromachining processes, while the IC interfaces are manufactured using CMOS technology that allows designing a dedicated circuit which is trimmed to better match the sensing element characteristics. The LSM303DLHC features two data-ready signals (RDY) which indicate when a new set of measured acceleration data and magnetic data are available, therefore simplifying data synchronization in the digital system that uses the device. The LSM303DLHC may also be configured to generate a free-fall interrupt signal according to a programmed acceleration event along the enabled axes. Linear acceleration operating mode: The LSM303DLHC provides two different acceleration operating modes: “normal mode” and “low-power mode”. While normal mode guarantees high resolution, low-power mode further reduces current consumption. Table 8 summarizes how to select the operating mode. DatasheetLSM303DLHC-STMicroelectronics-DatasheetProduct AttributesTypeDescriptionCategorySensors, Transducers Motion Sensors - IMUsMfrSTMicroelectronicsSeries-PackageTrayPart StatusObsoleteSensor TypeAccelerometer, Magnetometer, 6 AxisOutput TypeI²COperating Temperature-40°C ~ 85°C (TA)Package / Case14-VFLGASupplier Device Package14-LGA (3x5)Mounting TypeSurface MountBase Product NumberLSM303 Magnetic Field Digital InterfaceFor magnetic sensors the default (factory) 7-bit slave address is 0011110xb. The slave address is completed with a Read/Write bit. If the bit is ‘1’ (read), a repeated START (SR) condition must be issued after the two sub-address bytes. If the bit is ‘0’ (write) the master transmits to the slave with the direction unchanged. Table 16 explains how the SAD is composed. Magnetic signal interface reading/writing The interface uses an address pointer to indicate which register location is to be read from or written to. These pointer locations are sent from the master to this slave device and succeed the 7-bit address plus 1 bit Read/Write identifier. To minimize the communication between the master and magnetic digital interface of LSM303DLHC, the address pointer updates automatically without master intervention. This automatic address pointer update has two additional features. First, when address 12 or higher is accessed, the pointer updates to address 00, and secondly, when address 08 is reached, the pointer rolls back to address 03. Logically, the address pointer operation functions as shown below. If (address pointer = 08) then the address pointer = 03 Or else, if (address pointer >= 12) then the address pointer = 0 Or else, (address pointer) = (address pointer) + 1 The address pointer value itself cannot be read via the I2C bus. Any attempt to read an invalid address location returns 0, and any write to an invalid address location, or an undefined bit within a valid address location, is ignored by this device. Using WarningPlease check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. FAQWhat is the standard and fast mode of the LSM303DLHC?100 kHz and 400 kHz What is the temperature range of the LSM303DLHC?-40 °C to +85 °C

Hi there! In this blog, we will introduce you a simple and stable one-button switch circuit based on LP2951.In daily life, products such as regular electronic equipment and smart instruments are usually powered by batteries, and single-button switch circuits are commonly used forms of power supply, with various implementation methods. Generally speaking, we can use programmable devices such as flip-flops, 555 integrated circuits and single-chip microcomputers. However, in actual operation, these implementations will increase the complexity of the entire circuit, making it difficult to achieve concise and practical effects.The simple and stable one-button switch circuit based on LP2951 can achieve the effect of introduction and use. So, let's get started with a basic Introduction to LP2951.Catalog1 Introduction to LP29512 Design of power supply circuit3 Working principle3.1 Working principle of booting3.2 Working principle of shutdown 4 ConclusionComponent DatasheetFAQ1 Introduction to LP2951LP2950/LP2951 are low-power regulators with the following characteristics:Its quiescent current is small, and the input and output voltage difference is low, so it is suitable for battery-powered systems. In addition, when the battery voltage drops for a long time, the quiescent current increases very little.LP2950 is a 3-pin TO-92 package. Figure 1 below shows the LP2951 pinout and Figure 2 shows the internal structure of the LP2951.Figure 1. LP2951  pinoutFigure 2. LP2951 internal structure Among them, LP2951 has the following characteristics related to power supply:Logic controls the electronic switch, the low level is effective, and the power chip is turned off when the high level is connected.The output voltage is adjustable within 1.24～30V. When there is no regulating circuit, the default output voltage is 5V.The maximum output current is 100mA.It has a shutdown function when the battery voltage is too low. In normal working state, Pin5ERROR terminal outputs high level, when the external power supply voltage is lower than the working voltage, ERROR terminal outputs low level. 2 Design of power supply circuitSince smart instruments have multiple functions, they are often implemented by multiple keys. Now we set two buttons as the power-on button; set one button as the power-off button.The design power circuit is shown as in Fig. 3.Figure 3. Hardware circuit diagram of the power supply circuitIn Figure 3:Button S1 is the shutdown button;S2 and S3 are the power-on buttons;VDD is the DC regulated output voltage of the power chip LP2950, +5V;VFH is the battery voltage;U2 is a low-voltage shutdown power supply circuit with an output voltage of VCC;U3 and its peripheral circuit are composed of a power supply circuit with adjustable output voltage, and the output voltage is VCC1.Among them, VREF is the internal reference voltage of LP2951 1.235V; IFB is the feedback terminal current -20nA.3 Working principle3.1 Working principle of bootingPress the function key S2 or S3 arbitrarily to make the power chip work. Both work on the same principle, and the specific working process is as follows.In the shutdown state, the U1-1A and U2-1A input terminals of the NAND gate CD74HC132 are high level, and the corresponding output terminal is low level.When S2 or S3 is pressed, according to the capacitance characteristics, a low level is formed at the input end of U1-1A, and the output end of U1-2B, U1-3C, that is, Pin8 is a high level. A high level appears at the U2-2B input terminal through C4, R7 and diode CR1, so that the 6 pin of U2 is low. In this way, make the power chip LP2951 work, and make its ERROE output high level.After powering on, press S2 or S3 several times to realize the function. Because ERROE outputs a high level, the U2-2B input end maintains a high level, so that the SHUTDOWN end is guaranteed to be low level and the power chip is kept working.3.2 Working principle of shutdown In the power-on state, press the shutdown key S1 to make the 3 terminals of U2 and the 8 terminals of U1 become "0" and the 6 terminals of U2 to "1". That is, SHUTDOWN of LP2951 is high, turn off the power chip, so that the ERROR terminal outputs low level;When the button is lifted, the 3 terminal of U2 and the 8 terminal of U1 become "1", but the ERROR terminal is "0", so it is always in the shutdown state. When the external battery voltage is too low, the ERROR terminal of LP2951 outputs a low level, thus shutting down.4 ConclusionThe power supply circuit was once used in the signal source of cable detection equipment, and the working effect was good. The signal source of the cable detection equipment is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen from the circuit structure and principle that the circuit has a simple structure, easy to use, reliable, and versatile.Figure 4. The actual signal source of the cable detection equipmentComponent DatasheetLP2951 DatasheetFAQWhat is the Output Voltage of LP2951? 5 V What is the Max Output Current of LP2951? 100 mA What is the Max Input Voltage of LP2951?  30 V What is the Output Type of LP2951? Fixed

I. Introduction to Galvanometer The galvanometer is an important testing instrument. It is a high-sensitivity mechanical indicating meter for detecting weak electricity. It is used as a zero-pointing instrument in bridges and potentiometers. It can also be used to measure weak currents, voltages, and charges.  According to the input mode, it can be divided into voltage type and current type. Generally, voltage type is more commonly used. From the panel display mode of the galvanometer, it can be divided into three types: pointer type, digital type, and mixed type. Figure 1 The galvanometer The pointer galvanometer can conveniently observe the continuously changing current, and intuitively judge the direction of the current from the deflection direction, so it has its unique advantages in the bridge experiment. The pointer galvanometers currently used in physical experiments have the following shortcomings: (1) Use 9V laminated battery with small capacity, short battery life and high cost; (2) Its internal amplifying circuit  adopts OP07 or ICL7650 design, without power management capability, it is easy to cause the battery to be consumed unnecessarily; (3) Due to the use of many discrete components, the amplifier is prone to drift and unstable. This paper uses a galvanometer designed based on the three-op-amp high common-mode rejection ratio and high stability instrumentation amplifier AD620 and Microchip's 6-pin MCU PIC10F206 to solve the above problems.CatalogI. Introduction to GalvanometerII. Hardware System Design2.1 Hardware System Block Diagram2.2 Instrumentation Amplifier AD6202.3 Microcontroller PIC10F2062.4 Amplifying Circuit of Galvanometer2.5 Power Monitoring and Power Management Circuit of GalvanometerIII. Software SystemIV. ConclusionFAQOrdering & QuantityII. Hardware System Design 2.1 Hardware System Block Diagram The block diagram of the hardware system is shown in Figure 2. The DC voltage signal first passes through an anti-radio frequency interference low-pass filter circuit, weakens the interference signal, and then sends it to the instrumentation amplifier AD620 for differential amplification, and then drives the pointer meter to display. The 6-pin microcontroller PIC10F206 is responsible for the power monitoring and power management of the galvanometer. The whole galvanometer only uses a 3V DC power supply connected in series with two AA batteries. Figure 2 The hardware system block diagram of the galvanometer2.2 Instrumentation Amplifier AD620 AD620 is a low-cost and high-precision instrumentation amplifier launched by the American ADI company. It has the characteristics of high accuracy, low offset voltage (maximum 50uV), and low offset drift (maximum 0.6uV℃/), and its maximum operating current is only 1.3mA, only an external resistor is needed to set the gain, and the gain range is 1 to 10000. In addition, AD620 adopts 8-pin SOIC and DIP package, the size is smaller than the discrete circuit design, and the power consumption is lower, so it is suitable for battery-powered instrument applications.Figure 3 AD620 Because its input stage uses Superβeta processing, it can achieve a low input bias current of up to 1.0 nA. AD620 has a low input voltage noise of 9 nV/√Hz at 1 kHz, a peak-to-peak noise of 0.28μV in the frequency band from 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz, and an input current noise of 0.1 pA/√Hz, so it can be used as a preamplifier well. At the same time, the 0.01% settling time of AD620 is 15μs, which is very suitable for multiplexing applications; and the cost is very low, enough to realize the design of an instrumentation amplifier per channel. 2.3 Microcontroller PIC10F206 PIC10F206 is a low-cost, 6-pin 8-bit flash microcontroller introduced by the US Microchip company that uses RISC architecture. PIC10F206 has 512 words of FLASH, 24 bytes of SRAM, watchdog timer (WDT), power-on reset circuit (POR) and device reset timer (DRT) and 4MHz internal oscillator, thus eliminating the need for external reset circuit and the crystal oscillator, reduces system cost and power consumption, and enhances system reliability. It also has a wide operating voltage range (2·0V to 5.5V). The above characteristics make it suitable for applications in price-sensitive and battery-powered areas.Figure 4 PIC10F206 2.4 Amplifying Circuit of Galvanometer The amplifying circuit of the galvanometer takes the instrument amplifier AD620 as the core element, as shown in Figure 5. The differential signal output by the DC bridge is input from the socket J1, passes through the anti-radio frequency interference low-pass filter circuit formed by R1, R2, C1, C2, C3, and reaches the instrumentation amplifier AD620 after weakening the interference signal. D1, D2 and R1, R2 together form the input protection circuit of the galvanometer, which can withstand input voltages of tens of volts. R3, R4 provide a loop for the input bias current of AD620 [1] to ensure that it can work stably and reliably. The resistance R0 and potentiometer RP1 between pin 1 and pin 8 of AD620 are gain adjustment resistors, denoted as RG. R0 is connected in series with RP1 to limit the upper limit of the magnification to 495 times. The potentiometer RP2 and R5, R6 form the zero adjustment circuit of the galvanometer together, realize zero adjustment by changing the voltage of the REF pin of AD620. R7 and C7 form the output low-pass filter of AD620. R7, D3, D4 constitute the protection circuit of the pointer meter head.Figure 5 The amplifying circuit of galvanometer The maximum sensitivity of a galvanometer is usually 10uV/degree to 15uV/degree, which can well meet the requirements of the experiment. The internal resistance Rg of the galvanometer meter head is 4.7kΩ, the gain adjustment resistance RG=R0+RP1, take R0=100Ω, R7=1kΩ, when RP1 is 0Ω, the amplification factor of AD620 isTaking into account the partial pressure of R7 and the internal resistance Rg of the meter, the magnification of the galvanometer isThe current sensitivity of the meter head is 1μA minute/degree, so the voltage sensitivity of the meter head is 4700μV minute/degree. The sensitivity of the galvanometer is S=4700/G′=11·5μV/division Meet the requirements of physical experiments. 2.5 Power Monitoring and Power Management Circuit of Galvanometer Figure 6 is the power monitoring and power management circuit of the galvanometer. The GP2 pin of the microcontroller PIC10F206 is connected with the P-channel MOSFET tube Q1, the purpose is to control whether to supply power to the amplifying circuit of the galvanometer. When GP2 output is low level, Q1 is turned on, and the system supplies power to the amplifier circuit. The role of ICL7660 in power conversion here is to convert +VS to -VS. R8, R9, and the analog comparator inside PIC10F206 together form the power supply voltage monitoring circuit. The negative input terminal CIN of the analog comparator is connected to the internal reference voltage of the single-chip microcomputer  (the nominal value of the voltage is 0·6V), and the positive input terminal CIN+ is connected with the partial pressure of R8 and R9. Because the lowest operating voltage of AD620 is ±2·3V, from a conservative point of view, the lower limit of the operating voltage is set to ±2.5V. When the positive power supply voltage is less than 2.5V, the voltage of CIN+ is less than 0.6V, and the comparator output is reversed. After the microcontroller detects this event, the GP2 outputs a high level turns off the power supply of the amplifier circuit, and then executes the SLEEP instruction to make the microcontroller enter sleep status. Figure 6 Power monitoring and power management circuit of galvanometer In order to save power consumption, when the working voltage is normal, the galvanometer should enter the sleep state (ie soft shutdown) after working for a period of time, and it can be awakened at any time when it needs to work. Button S1 is set for this function. The working time of the galvanometer is preset to 15 minutes. When the working time is up, the GP2 of the single-chip microcomputer outputs a high level, shuts off the power supply of the amplifying circuit, and then executes the SLEEP instruction to make the microcontroller enters the sleep state. In the sleep state, if S1 is pressed, the pin level of GP3 will change. This event will reset the microcontroller (note: PIC10F206 has no conventional interrupt function) and wake up the microcontroller. In the sleep state, the current consumption of the galvanometer is less than 0.1μA, which is very power-saving, so there is no need to worry about forgetting to turn off the power supply of the galvanometer and consuming the battery. III. Software System When the galvanometer is powered on, the microcontroller first performs system initialization, then supplies power to ICL7660 and AD620, and then turns on the analog comparator to check whether the supply voltage is appropriate. If the voltage is appropriate, continue to supply power to the amplifier circuit, and then execute a 15-minute countdown. If S1 is pressed during this period, the timing time is reset to 15 minutes. When the 15-minute countdown is up, the single-chip microcomputer turns off the power supply of the amplifier circuit, and then enters the sleep state (ie, soft shutdown). The flow chart of the procedure is shown in Fig. 7.Figure 7 Flow chart of the procedure IV. ConclusionThis article discusses the galvanometer based on instrumentation amplifier AD620 and microcontroller PIC10F206, which has stable performance and low power consumption. The current is about 4mA during normal operation, and the current consumed in sleep mode is less than 0.1uA, which is very suitable for battery power supply. The use of two AA batteries for power supply saves battery cost. The soft shutdown function can effectively prevent battery consumption caused by forgetting to turn off the power.FAQWhat is AD620?AD620 is a low-cost, high-precision instrumentation amplifier. It only requires an external resistor to set the gain. The gain range is 1 to 10,000.Can I change AD620 to AD623 when making MCU products?Both AD620 and AD623 are single instrumentation amplifiers, and the pin arrangement is exactly the same.The main difference is: AD620 must use positive and negative power supplies, AD623 can be a positive and negative power supply or a single power supply.If the original board is AD620, you can replace it with 623; if the original board is AD623, you may not be able to replace it with 620 (it depends on whether the power supply of the original board circuit is dual power supply or single power supply).After replacing AD620 and AD623 in single-chip products, the program can work normally without modification.What is the difference between AD620BR and AD620AN?Their packages are different.What is the output resistance of AD620? How to adjust it?AD620 is a kind of low power consumption instrument amplifier, its output resistance is about 10K, this is the inherent characteristic of this chip, generally it is difficult to adjust.If you have requirements for output resistance, you can generally use an external circuit to solve it.Is AD620 a positive phase amplification or a reverse phase amplification?AD620 is an instrument amplifier, the output voltage is [(Vin+)-(Vin-)]*gain.If the desired signal is (Vin+)-(Vin-), the gain is positive, which is equivalent to positive amplification.Conversely, if the desired signal is (Vin-)-(Vin+), the gain is equivalent to negative, which is equivalent to reverse amplification.What is an instrumentation amplifier?Instrumentation amplifier, an improvement of the differential amplifier, has an input buffer, does not require input impedance matching, so that the amplifier is suitable for measurement and electronic instruments 

Product OverviewThe STM32F103RBT6 medium density performance microcontroller incorporates the high performance ARM Cortex™-M3 32 bit RISC core operating at a 72MHz frequency, high speed embedded memories (Flash memory up to 128 Kbytes and SRAM up to 20 Kbytes), and an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected to two APB buses. This device offer two 12 bit ADCs, three general purpose 16 bit timers plus one PWM timer, as well as standard and advanced communication interfaces: up to two I2Cs and SPIs, three USARTs, an USB and a CAN. This blog will introduce STM32F103RBT6 systematically from its features, pinout to its specifications, applications, also including STM32F103RBT6 datasheet and so much more. Video: STM32F103RBT6 (development board ) with 2.8" TFT-module Demo CatalogProduct OverviewSTM32F103RBT6 FeaturesSTM32F103RBT6 PinoutSTM32F103RBT6 ApplicationsSTM32F103RBT6 CAD ModelsSTM32F103RBT6 Circuit DiagramSTM32F103RBT6 Block DiagramSTM32F103RBT6 SpecificationSTM32F103RBT6 vs STM32F103RBT6TRSTM32F103RBT6 ManufacturerSTM32F103RBT6 Datasheet & Reference manualUsing WarningsSTM32F103RBT6 FAQ STM32F103RBT6 Features72MHz maximum frequency, 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) performance at 0 wait state memory accessSingle cycle multiplication and hardware division20 Kbytes of SRAMClock, reset and supply management2V to 3.6V application supply and I/OsPOR, PDR, and programmable voltage detector (PVD)4MHz to 16MHz crystal oscillatorInternal 8MHz factory trimmed RCInternal 40kHz RCPLL for CPU clock32kHz oscillator for RTC with calibrationSleep, stop and standby modesVBAT supply for RTC and backup registers2 x 12 bit, 1μs A/D converters (up to 16 channels)Conversion range: 0V to 3.6VDual sample and hold capabilityTemperature sensor7 channel DMA controller STM32F103RBT6 PinoutThe following figure is the diagram of  STM32F103RBT6 pinout. STM32F103RBT6 Pinout STM32F103RBT6 ApplicationsAutomation & Process Control, Clock & Timing, Consumer Electronics, Embedded Design & Development, Industrial, Motor Drive & Control, Multimedia, Portable Devices STM32F103RBT6 CAD ModelsThe followings are STM32F103RBT6 Symbol, Footprint, and 3D Model. STM32F103RBT6 Symbol STM32F103RBT6 Footprint STM32F103RBT6 3D Model STM32F103RBT6 Circuit DiagramThe following is the typical application with an 8 MHz crystal. STM32F103RBT6 Circuit Diagram STM32F103RBT6 Block DiagramThe following figure shows the block diagram of STM32F103RBT6. STM32F103RBT6 Block Diagram STM32F103RBT6 SpecificationAttributeValueFamily NameSTM32FPackage TypeLQFPMounting TypeSurface MountPin Count64Device CoreARM Cortex M3Data Bus Width32bitProgram Memory Size128 kBMaximum Frequency72MHzRAM Size20 kBUSB Channels1 x DeviceNumber of PWM Units1 x 16 bitNumber of SPI Channels2Typical Operating Supply Voltage2 → 3.6 VMaximum Number of Ethernet Channels0Number of Timers3Instruction Set ArchitectureRISCNumber of CAN Channels1Number of ADC Units2Maximum Operating Temperature+85 °CLength10mmADCs2(16 x 12 bit)Width10mmPulse Width Modulation1(16 bit) (Motor Control)Number of I2C Channels2Number of PCI Channels0Minimum Operating Temperature-40 °CTimer Resolution16bitHeight1.45mmNumber of LIN Channels0Number of USART Channels3Timers3 x 16 bitDimensions10 x 10 x 1.45mmProgram Memory TypeFlashNumber of UART Channels0Number of Ethernet Channels0STM32F103RBT6 vs STM32F103RBT6TR STM32F103RBT6STM32F103RBT6TRPin Count6464ECCN Code3A991.A.23A991.A.2HTS Code8542.31.00.018542.31.00.01Factory Lead Time14 Weeks14 WeeksHas ADCYESYESBit Size3232CPU FamilyCORTEX-M3CORTEX-M3Clock Frequency-Max16 MHz72 MHzDAC ChannelsNOYESDMA ChannelsYESYESExternal Data Bus Width 32JESD-30 CodeS-PQFP-G64S-PQFP-G64JESD-609 Codee3 Length10 mm10 mmMoisture Sensitivity Level3 Number of I/O Lines5151Number of Terminals6464On Chip Program ROM Width88Operating Temperature-Max105 °C85 °COperating Temperature-Min-40 °C-40 °CPWM ChannelsYESYESPeak Reflow Temperature (Cel)260NOT SPECIFIEDPower Supplies2.5/3.3 V2.5/3.3 VRAM (bytes)2048020480ROM (words)131072131072ROM ProgrammabilityFLASHFLASHSeated Height-Max1.6 mm1.6 mmSpeed72 MHz1.25 MHzSupply Current-Max50 mA50 mASupply Voltage-Max3.6 V3.6 VSupply Voltage-Min2 V2 VSupply Voltage-Nom3.3 V3.3 V STM32F103RBT6 ManufacturerSTMicroelectronics is a global independent semiconductor company and a leader in developing and delivering semiconductor solutions across the spectrum of microelectronics applications. An unrivaled combination of silicon and system expertise, manufacturing strength, Intellectual Property (IP) portfolio, and strategic partners positions, STMicroelectronics is at the forefront of System-on-Chip (SoC) technology and its products play a key role in enabling today's convergence trends. STM32F103RBT6 Datasheet & Reference manual You can download STM32F103RBT6 datasheet and reference manual from the link given below:STM32F103RBT6 Datasheet STM32F103RBT6 Reference manual  Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. STM32F103RBT6 FAQWhat kind of memory does stm32f103xx use?The STM32F103xx medium-density performance line family incorporates the high-performance ARM ® Cortex ® -M3 32-bit RISC core operating at a 72 MHz frequency, high-speed embedded memories (Flash memory up to 128 Kbytes and SRAM up to 20 Kbytes), and an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected to two APB buses. What's the temperature of stm32f103xc high density performance line?The STM32F103xC/D/E high-density performance line family operates in the –40 to +105 °C temperature range, from a 2.0 to 3.6 V power supply. A comprehensive set of power-saving mode allows the design of low-power applications. What is a microcontroller used for?In the office, microcontrollers are used in computer keyboards, monitors, printers, copiers, fax machines, and telephone systems to name a few. In your home, microcontrollers are used in microwave ovens, washers and dryers, security systems, lawn sprinkler station controllers, and music/video entertainment components. What is microprocessor made of?Microprocessors are made from silicon, quartz, metals, and other chemicals. From start to finish, it takes about 2 months to make a microprocessor. Microprocessors are classified by the size of their data bus or address bus. They are also grouped into CISC and RISC types. What is microcontroller and how it works?Microcontrollers are embedded inside devices to control the actions and features of a product. Hence, they can also be referred to as embedded controllers. Microcontrollers can take inputs from the device they controlling and retain control by sending the device signals to different parts of the device.

Product OverviewThe SMBJ series Transient Voltage Suppressor Diode used for surge and ESD protection applications. The device offers a choice of working peak reverse voltage from 5V up to 495V and breakdown voltage up to 550V. Typical fast response times are less than 1-picosecond for unidirectional devices and less than 5-picosecond for bidirectional devices from 0V to minimum breakdown voltage. It conforms to JEDEC standards, is easy to handle with standard pick and place equipment and the flat configuration minimizes roll away. This blog will introduce SMBJ16CA systematically from its features, pinout to its specifications, applications, also including SMBJ16CA datasheet and so much more. Video: Transient-voltage-suppression diode CatalogProduct OverviewSMBJ16CA FeaturesSMBJ16CA ApplicationsSMBJ16CA Functional DiagramSMBJ16CA CAD ModelsSMBJ16CA Product DimensionsSMBJ16CA Packaging InformationSMBJ16CA SpecificationSMBJ16CA ManufacturerSMBJ16CA DatasheetUsing WarningsSMBJ16CA FAQ SMBJ16CA FeaturesPeak pulse power 600W @ 10/1000μs waveformExcellent clamping capabilityLow incremental surge resistanceSurface mount package for easy assembly and board space savingTypical I R <1μA When V R > 12VFast response time: Typically less than 1.0ps from 0V to BV minIEC 61000-4-2 ESD 30kV (Air), 30kV (Contact)EFT protection of data lines in accordance with IEC 61000-4-4High temperature to reflow soldering guaranteed: 260°C/10secMeet UL94V-0 flammability classification which guaranteed by mold compoundMeet MSL level1, per J-STD-020Lead free lead finishHalogen free and RoHS compliant SMBJ16CA ApplicationsPower supply protectionIndustrial applicationPower managementI/O interface protection SMBJ16CA Functional DiagramThe following figure is the diagram of SMBJ16CA functional diagram. SMBJ16CA Functional Diagram SMBJ16CA CAD ModelsThe followings are SMBJ16CA Symbol, Footprint, and 3D Model. SMBJ16CA Symbol SMBJ16CA Footprint SMBJ16CA 3D Model SMBJ16CA Product DimensionsThe following figure is SMBJ16CA product dimensions. SMBJ16CA Product Dimensions SMBJ16CA Packaging InformationThe product will be dispensed in tape and reel format (see diagram below). SMBJ16CA Packaging Information SMBJ16CA SpecificationTYPEDESCRIPTIONCategoryTVS - DiodesMfrBourns Inc.SeriesSMBJPart StatusActiveTypeZenerBidirectional Channels1Voltage - Reverse Standoff (Typ)16VVoltage - Breakdown (Min)17.8VVoltage - Clamping (Max) @ Ipp26VCurrent - Peak Pulse (10/1000碌s)23.1APower - Peak Pulse600WPower Line ProtectionNoApplicationsGeneral PurposeOperating Temperature-55°C ~ 150°C (TJ)Mounting TypeSurface MountPackage / CaseDO-214AA, SMBSupplier Device PackageSMB (DO-214AA)Base Product NumberSMBJ16 SMBJ16CA ManufacturerBourns, Inc. has been leading the electronics industry in the design, manufacture and sale of electronic components and integrated solutions since its inception in 1947 by Marlan and Rosemary Bourns. As an industry innovator, Bourns targets product development at high-growth industries such as computers, telecommunications, automotive and portable electronics. SMBJ16CA DatasheetYou can download this datasheet for SMBJ16CA Datasheet from the link given below:SMBJ16CA Datasheet Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. SMBJ16CA FAQHow does a transient voltage suppressor diode work?Transient Voltage Suppressor Diode is a clamping device, so whenever the induced voltage exceeds the avalanche breakdown voltage, it absorbs the excess energy of the overvoltage event, and then it automatically resets after overvoltage condition. What does a transient voltage suppressor do?Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS's) are devices used to protect vulnerable circuits from electrical overstress such as that caused by electrostatic discharge, inductive load switching and induced lightning. What can cause transient voltage?Transient voltages are caused by the sudden release of stored energy due to incidents such as lightning strikes, unfiltered electrical equipment, contact bounce, arcing, capacitor bank or generators being switched ON and OFF. Transient voltages differ from swells by being larger in magnitude and shorter in duration. What is the purpose of SMBJ series TVS Diodes?The SMBJ series was created to protect sensitive electronic equipment against voltage transients such as those caused by lightning and other transient voltage events.