The Kynix Components

Product OverviewThe ATtiny13A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATtiny13A achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. This blog will introduce ATTINY13A systematically from its features, pinout to its specifications, applications, also including programming ATTiny13 with Arduino Uno and so much more. CatalogProduct OverviewProgramming ATTiny13 with Arduino UnoATTINY13A FeaturesATTINY13A PinoutATTINY13A ApplicationsATtiny13A AlternativeATTINY13A Block DiagramATTINY13A vs ATTINY13ATTINY13A SpecificationATTINY13A ManufacturerATTINY13A DatasheetUsing WarningsATTINY13A FAQ Programming ATTiny13 with Arduino UnoHere is a video of programming ATTiny13 with Arduino Uno. ATTINY13A FeaturesHigh Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit MicrocontrollerAdvanced RISC Architecture– 120 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers– Fully Static Operation– Up to 20 MIPS Througput at 20 MHz High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments– 1K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory– 64 Bytes EEPROM– 64 Bytes Internal SRAM– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM– Data retention: 20 Years at 85°C/100 Years at 25°C (see page 12)– Programming Lock for Self-Programming Flash & EEPROM Data Security Peripheral Features– One 8-bit Timer/Counter with Prescaler and Two PWM Channels– 4-channel, 10-bit ADC with Internal Voltage Reference– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator– On-chip Analog Comparator Special Microcontroller Features– debugWIRE On-chip Debug System– In-System Programmable via SPI Port– External and Internal Interrupt Sources– Low Power Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, and Power-down Modes– Enhanced Power-on Reset Circuit– Programmable Brown-out Detection Circuit with Software Disable Function– Internal Calibrated Oscillator I/O and Packages– 8-pin PDIP/SOIC/SOIJ: Six Programmable I/O Lines– 10-pad VDFN: Six Programmable I/O Lines– 20-pad WQFN: Six Programmable I/O Lines Operating Voltage:– 1.8 – 5.5V Speed Grade:– 0 – 4 MHz @ 1.8 – 5.5V– 0 – 10 MHz @ 2.7 – 5.5V– 0 – 20 MHz @ 4.5 – 5.5V Industrial Temperature Range Low Power Consumption– Active Mode:190 µA at 1.8 V and 1 MHz– Idle Mode:24 µA at 1.8 V and 1 MHz ATTINY13A PinoutThe following figure is the diagram of ATTINY13A pinout. ATTINY13A Pinout ATTINY13A ApplicationsBuilding AutomationSecurityConsumer Electronics IndustrialSensing & InstrumentationLightingPortable Devices ATtiny13A AlternativeATtiny13 ATTINY13A Block DiagramThe following figure shows the block diagram of ATTINY13A. ATTINY13A Block Diagram ATTINY13A vs ATTINY13A-grade AVRs are minor improvements over the previous iteration; these improvements vary from chip to chip, e.g. the difference between ATtiny2313 and ATtiny2313A is different from the difference between ATmega128 and ATmega128A. To be more specific, the ATtiny13 is the original version and uses a different process technology than the ATtiny13A. The A-suffixed parts are fabricated with a low power process marketed as "picoPower", and the main difference is that they generally consume less power at the same voltage and frequency. ATTINY13A vs ATTINY13 Regarding differences from the point of view of code compatibility, I see no reason why the ATtiny13A would not be code and binary compatible with programs written for the ATtiny13. However, the reverse is not strictly the case: While the instruction sets and most peripherals are identical, the ATtiny13A has the extra registers PRR (Power Reduction Register) and BODCR (Brown-Out Detector Control Register). ATTINY13A SpecificationMax ADC Resolution (bits)10Program Memory Size (KB)1Number of Comparators1CPU Speed (MIPS/DMIPS)20Data EEPROM (bytes)64Max 8 Bit Digital Timers1EthernetNoneProgram Memory TypeFlashADC Channels4Low PowerYesOperating Voltage1.8 - 5.5outputcomparatorPWM2Pin Count8Temp Range (°C)-165 ATTINY13A ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Inc. is a leading provider of microcontroller and analog semiconductors, providing low-risk product development, lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide. Headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, Microchip offers outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality. ATTINY13A DatasheetYou can download this datasheet for ATTINY13A–Datasheet from the link given below:ATTINY13A Datasheet Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. ATTINY13A FAQWhat is ATtiny?ATINY is a contraction of "ATEEZ and destiny" and signifies that ATEEZ's future is together with their fans. How do I program ATtiny13A Arduino Nano?Connect the ATtiny85 to your Uno board. (Do not forget to add a 10uf cap on reset and ground of your Arduino.) Use jumper wire for connections or MAKE A SHIELD USING PERF BOARD AND DIP8 SOCKET. Select the right clock frequency for ATtiny85 select 8 MHz and for ATtiny13A select 9.6 MHz. What is the pin 3 of the ATtiny 13?Pin 3 is defined in hardware as PB4, now let’s take a look at the edited code: //We will replace "LED_BUILTIN" with "4" since ATtiny does not have a built-in led! // initialize digital Pin 3 of ATtiny 13 (defined in hardware as 4) as an output. What is the ATtiny13A based on?AVR® enhanced RISC architecture How many MIPS per MHz does the ATtiny13A achieve throughputs?1 MIPS per MHz 

DescriptionDS1302 is a low-power real-time clock chip with trickle current charging capability. It can time the year, month, day, week, hour, minute, and second.This Video Introduces DS1302 Arduino Realtime ClockCatalogDescriptionDS1302 PinoutDS1302 Documents and MediaDS1302 CAD ModelsDS1302 ParametersDS1302 FeaturesDS1302 AdvantageDS1302 ApplicationsDS1302 Typical Operating CircuitDS1302 Environmental and Export ClassificationsDS1302 Block DiagramHow to Use DS1302DS1302 RTC ModuleDS1302 Command ByteFAQOrdering & QuantityDS1302 PinoutThe figure below shows the pin arrangement of DS1302. Among them, Vcc2 is the main power supply, and VCC1 is the backup power supply. The continuous operation of the clock can be maintained even when the main power is off. DS1302 is powered by the larger of Vcc1 or Vcc2. When Vcc2 is greater than Vcc1+0.2V, Vcc2 supplies power to DS1302. When Vcc2 is less than Vcc1, DS1302 is powered by Vcc1. X1 and X2 are the oscillation sources and an external 32.768kHz crystal oscillator. RST is the reset/chip select line. All data transfers are started by driving the RST input to high. RST input has two functions: First, RST turns on the control logic, allowing the address/command sequence to be sent to the shift register; second, RST provides a method to terminate single-byte or multi-byte data transmission. When RST is high, all data transfers are initialized, allowing operations on DS1302. If RST is set to a low level during the transfer, the data transfer will be terminated and the I/O pin will become high impedance. During power-on operation, RST must remain low before Vcc>2.0V. Only when SCLK is low, can RST be set high. I/O is a serial data input and output terminal (two-way), which will be described in detail later. SCLK is the clock input terminal.Pin NumberPin NameDescription1VCC2Primary Power-Supply Pin in Dual Supply Configuration. VCC1 is connected to abackup source to maintain the time and date in the absence of primary power. TheDS1302 operates from the larger of VCC1 or VCC2. When VCC2 is greater than VCC1 +0.2V, VCC2 powers the DS1302. When VCC2 is less than VCC1, VCC1 powers theDS1302.2X1Connections for Standard 32.768kHz Quartz Crystal. The internal oscillator isdesigned for operation with a crystal having a specified load capacitance of 6pF.For more information on crystal selection and crystal layout considerations, refer toApplication Note 58: Crystal Considerations for Dallas Real-Time Clocks. TheDS1302 can also be driven by an external 32.768kHz oscillator. In thisconfiguration, the X1 pin is connected to the external oscillator signal and the X2 pinis floated.3X24GNDGround5CEInput. CE signal must be asserted high during a read or a write. This pin has aninternal 40kΩ (typ) pulldown resistor to ground. Note: Previous data sheet revisionsreferred to CE as RST. The functionality of the pin has not changed.6I/OInput/Push-Pull Output. The I/O pin is the bidirectional data pin for the 3-wireinterface. This pin has an internal 40kΩ (typ) pulldown resistor to ground.7SCLKInput. SCLK is used to synchronize data movement on the serial interface. This pinhas an internal 40kΩ (typ) pulldown resistor to ground.8VCC1Low-Power Operation in Single Supply and Battery-Operated Systems and LowPower Battery Backup. In systems using the trickle charger, the rechargeableenergy source is connected to this pin. UL recognized to ensure against reversecharging current when used with a lithium battery.DS1302 Documents and MediaDatasheetsDS1302Other Related DocumentsTips for Writing Bulletproof Real-Time Clock Control CodeMfg Application NotesEstimating Super Capacitor Backup Time on Trickle-Charger Real-Time ClocksSelecting a Backup Source for Real-Time ClocksOscillator Design Considerations for Low-Current ApplicationsState Machine Logic in Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)-Formatted Real-Time ClocksEnvironmental InformationHalogen CertificateRed Phosphorous CertificateMaterial Declaration DS1302PCN Obsolescence/ EOLMult Dev OBS 15/Jul/2015HTML DatasheetDS1302EDA / CAD ModelsDS1302 by SnapEDADS1302 by Ultra LibrarianDS1302 CAD ModelsDS1302 SymbolDS1302 FootprintDS1302 ParametersBase Product NumberDS1302Battery Backup SwitchingBackup SwitchingCategoryIntegrated Circuits (ICs)Clock/Timing - Real Time ClocksCurrent - Timekeeping (Max)0.3µA ~ 1µA @ 2V ~ 5VDate FormatYY-MM-DD-ddFeaturesLeap Year, NVSRAM, Trickle-ChargerFunctionCalendar, Clock, NV Timekeeping RAM, Trickle ChargerInterface3-Wire SerialManufacturerMaxim IntegratedMaximum Operating Temperature+ 70°CMinimum Operating Temperature0°CMounting StyleThrough HoleOperating Temperature0°C ~ 70°CPackageTubePackage / Case8-DIP (0.300", 7.62mm)           PackagingTubePart StatusObsoleteProduct CategoryReal Time ClockRoHSNRTC Bus InterfaceSerialRTC Memory Size31 BSubcategoryClock & Timer ICsSupplier Device Package8-PDIPSupply Voltage - Max5.5 VSupply Voltage - Min2 VTime FormatHH:MM:SS (12/24 hr)TypeClock/CalendarVoltage - Supply, Battery2V ~ 5.5V DS1302 FeaturesCompletely Manages All Timekeeping Functionso Real-Time Clock Counts Seconds, Minutes, Hours, Date of the Month, Month, Day of the Week, and Year with Leap-Year Compensation Valid Up to 2100o 31 x 8 Battery-Backed General-Purpose RAMSimple Serial Port Interfaces to Most Microcontrollerso Simple 3-Wire Interfaceo TTL-Compatible (VCC = 5V)o Single-Byte or Multiple-Byte (Burst Mode) Data Transfer for Read or Write of Clock or RAM Data Low Power Operation Extends Battery Backup Run Timeo 2.0V to 5.5V Full Operationo Uses Less Than 300nA at 2.0V8-Pin DIP and 8-Pin SO Minimizes Required SpaceOptional Industrial Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C Supports Operation in a Wide Range of ApplicationsUnderwriters Laboratories® (UL) RecognizedDS1302 AdvantageThe DS1302 trickle-charge timekeeping chip contains a real-time clock/calendar and 31 bytes of static RAM. It communicates with a microprocessor via a simple serial interface. The real-time clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with an AM/PM indicator. Interfacing the DS1302 with a microprocessor is simplified by using synchronous serial communication. Only three wires are required to communicate with the clock/RAM: CE, I/O (data line), and SCLK (serial clock). Data can be transferred to and from the clock/RAM 1 byte at a time or in a burst of up to 31 bytes. The DS1302 is designed to operate on very low power and retain data and clock information on less than 1µW. The DS1302 is the successor to the DS1202. In addition to the basic timekeeping functions of the DS1202, the DS1302 has the additional features of dual power pins for primary and backup power supplies, programmable trickle charger for VCC1, and seven additional bytes of scratchpad memory.DS1302 ApplicationsThe applications of DS1302 include incorporated digital clocks/ timers of various modules in our real lives.Other equivalents ICs of RTC are: DS1307, DS3231, DS3232DS1302 Typical Operating CircuitDS1302 Environmental and Export ClassificationsAttributeDescriptionRoHS StatusRoHS non-compliantMoisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)1 (Unlimited)How to Use DS1302A typical operating circuit for DS1302 is given below. DS1302 have two power input, one is from cell and other is from controller. A crystal oscillator of 32.768 kHz is used to generate required frequency. For interfacing Data line, Reset Pin and Serial-clock pins of DS1302 are connected with the micro-controller.DS1302 Block DiagramDS1302 RTC ModuleDS1302 is a tickle-charge timekeeping chip which contains a real-time clock/calendar and 31 bytes of static RAM. DS1302 uses serial communication to interact with microcontrollers. Also, it automatically adjust the date for the month with fewer days. Clock operates in 24hr or 12hr format with an AM/PM indicator.DS1302 chip is also commonly used as DS1302 RTC module which comes with a 32 kHz crystal and on-board battery backup all in a small SIP module that is compatible with a breadboard. DS1302 module are used by makers with Arduino, Raspberry Pi and other Micro-controllers.A DS1302 RTC module pinout is shown in below image.DS1302 Command ByteA command byte initiates each data transfer. The MSB (bit 7) must be a logic 1. If it is 0, writes to the DS1302 will be disabled. Bit 6 specifies clock/calendar data if logic 0 or RAM data if logic 1. Bits 1 to 5 specify the designated registers to be input or output, and the LSB (bit 0) specifies a write operation (input) if logic 0 or read operation (output) if logic 1. The command byte is always input starting with the LSB (bit 0).DS1302 RegisterDS1302 has 12 registers, of which 7 registers are related to calendar and clock. The stored data bits are in the form of BCD codes. The calendar, time registers and their control words are shown in Table 1.In addition, DS1302 also has year register, control register, charging register, clock burst register, and RAM-related registers. The clock burst register can read and write the contents of all registers except the charging register in sequence at one time. The DS1302 and RAM-related registers are divided into two categories: One is a single RAM unit, with 31 in total. Each unit is configured as an 8-bit byte, and its command control word is C0H～FDH. Among them, odd numbers are read operations, and even numbers are write operations; the other type is RAM registers in burst mode. In this mode, all 31 bytes of RAM can be read and written at once, and the command control words are FEH (write) and FFH (read).FAQHow DS1302 work?The DS1302 trickle-charge timekeeping chip contains a real-time clock/calendar and 31 bytes of static RAM. It communicates with a microprocessor via a simple serial interface. The real-time clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information.What is DS3231 RTC module?DS3231 Module is a Bread Board friendly extremely precise I²C real time clock Module. This module made using DS3231 RTC and AT24C32 EEPROM integrated with temperature compensated crystal oscillator. AT24C32 provides 32,768 bits of serial EEPROM organized as 4096 words of 8 bits each.What is DS1302?DS1302 is a tickle-charge timekeeping chip which contains a real-time clock/calendar and 31 bytes of static RAM. DS1302 uses serial communication to interact with microcontrollers. Also, it automatically adjust the date for the month with fewer days.What does an RTC do?A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock (most often in the form of an integrated circuit) that keeps track of the current time. Although the term often refers to the devices in personal computers, servers and embedded systems, RTCs are present in almost any electronic device which needs to keep accurate time.How do you use RTC?Wiring It Up.5V is used to power to the RTC chip when you want to query it for the time. If there is no 5V signal, the chip goes to sleep using the coin cell for backup.Connect GND to common power/data ground.Connect the SCL pin to the I2C clock SCL pin on your Arduino. ...Connect the SDA pin to the I2C data SDA pin on your Arduino.

Product Overview CD4511 types are BCD -to-7-segment latch decoder drivers constructed with CMOS logic and n-p-n bipolar transistor output devices on a single monolithic structure. These devices combine the low quiescent power dissipation and high noise immunity features of RCA CMOS with n-p-n bipolar output transistors capable of sourcing up to 25 MA. This capability allows the CD4511  types to drive LED's and other displays directly. CatalogProduct Overview CD4511 With Arduino And 7 SegmentCD4511 Key FeaturesCD4511 ApplicationsCD4511 PinoutCD4511 Pin OverviewCD4511 Example CircuitCD4511 EquivalentsCD4511 Alternative optionsCD4511 SpecificationsHow To Use the CD4511CD4511 DatasheetManufacturerUsing WarningsFAQ CD4511 With Arduino And 7 Segment CD4511 With Arduino And 7 Segment CD4511 Key FeaturesLow logic circuit power dissipationHigh current sourcing outputs (up to 25 mA)Latch storage of codeBlanking inputLamp test provisionReadout blanking on all illegal input combinationsLamp intensity modulation capabilityTime share (multiplexing) facilityEquivalent to Motorola MC14511 CD4511 ApplicationsDisplay drivers of Counter, Computer, Calculator, cockpit, etc.In displaying and multiplexing multiple signalsDriving incandescent displays CD4511 PinoutCD4511 Pinout CD4511 Pin OverviewPin NamePin #TypeDescriptionVDD16PowerSupply Voltage (+3 to +15V)GND8PowerGround (0V)a-f9-15OutputOutputs for the 7-segment displayD0-D37, 1, 2, 6Input4-bit data inputLT3InputLamp Test. Turns on all segments when LOW.BL4InputBlanking Test. Turns off all segments when LOW.LE5InputLatch Enable. Stores the current state when HIGH. CD4511 Example CircuitBelow is an example circuit where you set the input number using switches. The CD4511 controls the 7-segment display so that it turns on the correct segments for displaying the number. CD4511 Example Circuit To build this circuit you’ll need:A 4511 chip, such as the CD4511  BEA 7-segment display  (Must be the common cathode. For example LSHD-5503)Seven resistors (R1-R7) of 1kΩFour resistors (R8-R11) of 10kΩ resistorsFour pushbuttonsThis is a fun circuit to build as your first 7-segment display circuit. Later, you can modify the input of this circuit to instead be the output of a counter that counts seconds, to create a stopwatch. CD4511 EquivalentsCD4513, 74LS48, CD4543, 74LS145 CD4511 Alternative options74LS4774467447, SN5446ASN5447ASN5448SN54LS48SN54LS47SN74LS48SN74LS49SN54LS49SN7448 CD4511 SpecificationsParameterSpecificationPart numberCD40511BTechnology FamilyCD4000VCC (Min) (V)3VCC (Max) (V)18Channels (#)4Voltage (Nom) (V)10F @ nom voltage (Max) (MHz)8ICC @ nom voltage (Max) (mA)0.3tpd @ nom Voltage (Max) (ns)420IOL (Max) (mA)1.5IOH (Max) (mA)-1.5Configuration4:07 How To Use the CD4511To be able to use the  BCD to 7-segment decoder in the chip, you need to first connect the VDD pin to the positive supply terminal and the GND pin to the negative supply terminal. You can use a power supply voltage between 3V and 15V. Although, some versions of the 4511 chip support up to 20V. Check the datasheet of your version of the chip for exact values. Pins D0, D1, D2, D3 are the BCD inputs through which you feed the number you want to show on the display in binary format. Pins a to g are the output pins that you connect to your 7-segment display. The LT (Lamp Test) pin is there to test that all the segments of the display work. Set LOW to test the segments. Set HIGH for normal operation. The BL (Blanking Test) pin turns off all segments when LOW. You can use it to control the brightness of the display with pulse-width modulation (PWM). Set to HIGH for normal operation. The LE (Latch Enable) pin, also called store, is used to store the current value. When HIGH, the last data is displayed regardless of the changes to the BCD inputs. Set this pin LOW for normal operation. CD4511 Datasheet CD4511 DatasheetManufacturerFairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor. Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. FAQWhat can the CD4511 types drive directly?LEDs and other displays What are the BCD-to-7-segment latch decoder drivers constructed with?CMOS logic and n-p-n bipolar transistor output devices. How many pins are in CD4511?It consists of 16 pins. What is common cathode 7-segment?LED 7-segment displays come in two varieties: common cathode (CC) and common anode (CA) (CA). The common cathode has all the cathodes of the seven segments connected directly together, whereas the common anode has all the anodes of the seven segments connected together.

Product Overview74HC245 is an octal transceiver IC used for asynchronous transfer of data between two devices. Furthermore, it supports data transfer at different voltage levels. The internal structure of a chip is composed of two amplifiers. Hence, it can perform two-way communication. This bidirectional communication is achieved by a signal applied at the direction control pin. It has a very low input current and consumes less power. These features make it suitable for a large number of applications. This blog will introduce 74HC245 systematically from its features, pinout to its specifications, applications, also including 74HC245 datasheet and so much more. Video: 74HC245 Octal 3−State Non-inverting Bus Transceiver Proteus Simulation CatalogProduct Overview74HC245 Features74HC245 Applications74HC245 Pinout74HC245 Pin Configuration74HC245 Functional diagram74HC245 Circuit DiagramWhere to Use 74HC245 3−State Noninverting TransceiverHow to use 74HC24574HC245 VS 74HC245N74HC245 Manufacturer74HC245 DatasheetUsing Warnings74HC245 FAQ 74HC245 FeaturesWide supply voltage range from 2.0 to 6.0 VCMOS low power dissipationHigh noise immunityOctal bidirectional bus interfaceNon-inverting 3-state outputsInput levels:For  74HC245: CMOS levelFor 74HCT245: TTL levelComplies with JEDEC standardsJESD8C (2.7 V to 3.6 V)JESD7A (2.0 V to 6.0 V)Latch-up performance exceeds 100 mA per JESD 78 Class II Level BESD protection:HBM JESD22-A114F exceeds 2000 VMM JESD22-A115-A exceeds 200 VMultiple package optionsSpecified from -40 °C to +85 °C and from -40 °C to +125 °C 74HC245 Applicationspersonal computers, PC’s and notebooksserverswearable health devicesfitness devicesTelecom infrastructures 74HC245 PinoutThe following figure is the diagram of 74HC245 pinout. 74HC245 Pinout 74HC245 Pin ConfigurationPin NumberPin NameDescription1Direction Control (DIR)This pin decides the direction of the Data.2 to 9Data Input/output (A0-A7)These 8 pins can be used as 8-bit Input or 8-bit Output pins based on the state of DIR pin10Ground (GND)Connected to the ground of the system 11 to 18Data Input/output (B0-B7)These 8 pins can be used as 8-bit Input or 8-bit Output pins based on the state of DIR pin19Output Enable (OE)Active Low pin – Used to Enable/Disable Input20Supply Voltage (Vcc)Differential Analog input +. Connect to ADC input 74HC245 Functional diagramThe following figure is the functional diagram of 74HC245. 74HC245 Functional diagram 74HC245 Circuit DiagramFollowing are the circuit diagrams of 74HC245. Switching Waveform Test Circuit1 Test Circuit2 Where to Use 74HC245 3−State Noninverting Transceiver74HC245 IC is widely used in wireless communications and networking applications. Each output of this IC can be either 0 or 1 which is why it is designed for digital use only. It can be used on a CPU board for buffering data on a bidirectional bus or for driving nominal loads. You can use this IC for bidirectional communication in applications requiring low input current, low power consumption, and the features mentioned above. Sometimes, the two hardware’s across which the communication takes place have different operating voltages. In these cases, we use a potential divider or any other logic level converter. For example, development boards such as  MSP432, MSP420, BeagleBoard, and  Raspberry Pi operate at 3 volts logic and many analog sensors, digital sensors, LCD displays, TFT displays operates at 5 volts logic, we can use this IC to interface these development boards with this IC.  This method is not inefficient for bi-directional communication. Therefore, in such applications, we can use IC 74HC245. How to use 74HC245The 74HC245  is responsible for communication from bus A to bus B or bus B to bus A depending upon the direction control input. When this input is low, data at inputs of amplifier B flows to bus A. When it is applied with High logic level, the data present at inputs of amplifier A will flow to bus B.  This IC has another control input known as an output enable. The OE input keeps both the busses isolated from each other. A HIGH logic level applied at this input causes the outputs in a high-impedance state and disables the outputs. It is used to disable and enable the outputs. 74HC245 VS 74HC245N 74HC24574HC245NOperating Temperature-Max125 °C125 °COperating Temperature-Min-55 °C-40 °COutput Characteristics3-STATE3-STATEOutput PolarityTRUETRUEPackage Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage CodeDIPDIPPower Supplies2/6 V Prop. Delay@Nom-Sup27 ns Propagation Delay (tpd)180 ns135 nsQualification StatusNot Qualified Seated Height-Max3.93 mm4.2 mmSupply Voltage-Max (Vsup)6 V6 VSupply Voltage-Min (Vsup)2 V2 VSupply Voltage-Nom (Vsup)4.5 V5 VSurface MountNONOTechnologyCMOSCMOSTemperature GradeMILITARYAUTOMOTIVETerminal FinishMatte Tin (Sn) Terminal FormTHROUGH-HOLETHROUGH-HOLETerminal Pitch2.54 mm2.54 mmTerminal PositionDUALDUALTime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)NOT SPECIFIED TranslationN/A Width7.62 mm7.62 mmBase Number Matches91Length 26.73 mm 74HC245 ManufacturerST is a global semiconductor leader delivering intelligent and energy-efficient products and solutions that power the electronics at the heart of everyday life. ST’s products are found everywhere today, and together with our customers, we are enabling smarter driving and smarter factories, cities and homes, along with the next generation of mobile and Internet of Things devices. By getting more from technology to get more from life, ST stands for life.augmented. 74HC245 DatasheetYou can download this datasheet for 74HC245–Datasheet from the link given below:74HC245 Datasheet Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. 74HC245 FAQWhat is 74HC245?74HC245 is an octal transceiver IC used for asynchronous transfer of data between two devices. The internal structure of a chip is composed of two amplifiers. Hence, it can perform two-way communication. This bidirectional communication is achieved by a signal applied at the direction control pin. What is an octal transceiver?The SN74AHC245 octal bus transceiver is designed for asynchronous two-way communication between data buses. This device allows data transmission from the A bus to the B bus or from the B bus to the A bus, depending on the logic level at the direction-control (DIR) input. What is transceiver circuit?In radio communication, a transceiver is an electronic device which is a combination of a radio transmitter and a receiver, hence the name. It can both transmit and receive radio waves using an antenna, for communication purposes. Radio transceivers are widely used in wireless devices. How does a transceiver circuit work?A Transceiver can be used to provide bidirectional, input or output control, of either digital or analogue devices to a common shared data bus. Unlike the buffer, transceivers are bidirectional devices which allow data to flow through them in either direction. What does an RF transceiver do?RF transceivers are electronic devices that receive and demodulate radio frequency (RF) signals, and then modulate and transmit new signals. They are used in many different video, voice and data applications. What does 74HC245 support?Data transfer at different voltage levels What can 74HC245 perform?Two-way communication How many volts of logic does IC 74HC245 operate?5 volts logic What type of converter does 74HC245 use?Potential divider On what board can 74HC245 IC be used for buffering data on a bidirectional bus or driving nominal loads?CPU board

 The ATmega32A is a low power, CMOS 8-bit microcontrollers based on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. Video about ATMEGA32A CatalogDescriptionProduct OverviewCAD ModelsPin ConfigurationsBlock DiagramFeaturesDatasheetProduct AttributesManufacturerUsing WarningFAQDescriptionThe ATmega32A is a low power, CMOS 8-bit microcontrollers based on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. The ATmega32A is a 40/44-pins device with 32 KB Flash, 2 KB SRAM and 1 KB EEPROM. By executing instructions in a single clock cycle, the devices achieve CPU throughput approaching one million instructions per second (MIPS) per megahertz, allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. Product OverviewThe AVR® ATmega32A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega32A achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. CAD Models Figure: ATMEGA32A Part Symbol  Figure: ATMEGA32A Footprint Pin Configurations Figure: ATMEGA32A Pin Configurations Block Diagram Figure: ATMEGA32A Block Diagram FeaturesHigh-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller Advanced RISC Architecture        – 131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single-clock Cycle Execution        – 32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers        – Fully Static Operation        – Up to 16MIPS Throughput at 16MHz        – On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments        – 32Kbytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory        – 1024Bytes EEPROM        – 2Kbytes Internal SRAM        – Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM        – Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)        – Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program True Read-While-Write Operation – Programming Lock for Software Security JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 Compliant) Interface        – Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard        – Extensive On-chip Debug Support        – Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses, and Lock Bits through the JTAG Interface QTouch® Library Support        – Capacitive touch buttons, sliders and wheels        – QTouch and QMatrix™ acquisition        – Up to 64 sense channels Peripheral Features        -Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes        - One 16 bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode       - Real Time Counter with Separate Osillator       - Four PWM Channels       - 8-channel, 10-bit ADC8 Single-ended Channels7 Diferential Channels in TQFP Package Only2 Differential Channels with Programmable Gain at 1x, 10x, or 200x       - Byte-oriented TWo-wire Serial Interface       - Programmable Serial USART       - Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface       - Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Osillator       - On-chip Analog Comparator Special Microcontoller Features       - Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection       -Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator       - External and Internal Interrupt Sources       - Six Sleep Modes: ldle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby and Extended Standby l/0 and Packages       - 32 Programmable V/O Lines       - 40-pin PDIP, 44-lead TQFP and 44 pad QFNMLF Operating Voltages       - 2.7V - 5.5V Speed Grades       - 0- 16MHz Power Consumption at 1MHz, 3V, 25C       - Active: 0.6mA       - ldle Mode: 0.2mA       - Power-down Mode: < 1μA DatasheetATMEGA32A-DatasheetProduct AttributesPhysicalCase/PackagePDIPContact PlatingTinMountThrough HoleNumber of Pins40 TechnicalCore ArchitectureAVRData Bus Width8 bFrequency16 MHzInterface2-Wire, I2C, SPI, UART, USARTMax Frequency16 MHzMax Operating Temperature85 °CMax Supply Voltage5.5 VMemory Size32 kBMemory TypeFLASHMin Operating Temperature-40 °CMin Supply Voltage2.7 VNumber of ADC Channels8Number of I2C Channels1Number of I/Os32Number of Programmable I/O32Number of PWM Channels4Number of SPI Channels1Number of Timers/Counters3Oscillator TypeInternalPeripheralsBrown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDTRAM Size2 kBSchedule B8542310000Watchdog TimerYes DimensionsHeight4.445 mmLength52.58 mmWidth13.97 mm ComplianceLead FreeLead FreeRadiation HardeningNoREACH SVHCNo SVHCRoHSCompliant ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Inc. is a publicly-listed American corporation that manufactures microcontroller, mixed-signal, analog and Flash-IP integrated circuits. Its products include microcontrollers (PIC, dsPIC, AVR and SAM), Serial EEPROM devices, Serial SRAM devices, embedded security devices, radio frequency (RF) devices, thermal, power and battery management analog devices, as well as linear, interface and wireless products. Using WarningNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. FAQWhat is a ATmega32A?The Atmel® ATmega32A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. What is the difference between ATMEGA32 and ATmega32A?The ATmega32A is a drop-in replacement for the ATmega32 that is functionally equivalent. All devices go through the same certification process and go through the same set of production tests, but some electrical characteristics differ due to the manufacturing process. The datasheets for the ATmega32 and ATmega32A are different. What is the difference between ATmega16 and ATmega32?The ATmega32 microcontroller is fairly similar to the ATmega16 microcontroller, with a few differences that will be detailed below. Atmel's Mega AVR series includes the ATmega32, an 8-bit high-performance microcontroller. With 131 strong instructions, the Atmega32 is built on the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture.

 CatalogDescriptiontinyAVR 1-series OverviewATTINY1616 PinoutATTINY1616 Development BoardProgrammerBlock DiagramConfiguration and User Fuses (FUSE)FeaturesDatasheetProduct AttributesManufacturerUsing WarningDescriptionThe ATtiny3216 /ATtiny1616 are members of the tinyAVR® 1-series of microcontrollers, using the AVR® 8- bit processor with hardware multiplier, running at up to 20 MHz and with 16 KB or 32 KB Flash, 2 KB of SRAM, and 256 bytes of EEPROM in a 20-pin package.  The tinyAVR 1 -series uses the latest technologies with a flexible and low-power architecture including Event System and SleepWalking, accurate analog features, and advanced peripherals. Capacitive touch interfaces with proximity sensing and driven shield are supported with the integrated QTouch® peripheral touch controller. tinyAVR 1-series OverviewThe figure below shows the tinyAVR® 1-series devices, laying out pin count variants and memory sizes:Vertical migration upwards is possible without code modification, as these devices are pin-compatible and provide the same or more features. Downward migration may require code modification due to fewer available instances of some peripherals.Horizontal migration to the left reduces the pin count and therefore, the available features. ATTINY1616 Pinout Figure:ATTINY1616 PinoutATTINY1616 Development Board Figure:ATTINY1616 Development Board Programmer Figure:ATTINY1616 Basic UPDI Programmer Block Diagram Figure:ATTINY1616 Block Diagram Configuration and User Fuses (FUSE)Fuses are part of the nonvolatile memory and hold factory calibration data and device configuration. The fuses are available from device power-up. The fuses can be read by the CPU or the UPDI, but can only be programmed or cleared by the UPDI. The configuration and calibration values stored in the fuses are written to their respective target registers at the end of the start-up sequence. The content of the Signature Row fuses (SIGROW) is pre-programmed and cannot be altered. SIGROW holds information such as device ID, serial number, and calibration values.  The fuses for peripheral configuration (FUSE) are pre-programmed but can be altered by the user. Altered values in the configuration fuse will be effective only after a Reset. Note:  When writing the fuses write all reserved bits to ‘1’. This device provides a User Row fuse area (USERROW) that can hold application data. The USERROW can be programmed on a locked device by the UPDI. This can be used for final configuration without having programming or debugging capabilities enabled. FeaturesCPU: – AVR® 8-bit CPU – Running at up to 20 MHz – Single-cycle I/O access – Two-level interrupt controller – Two-cycle hardware multiplierMemories: – 32/16 KB In-system self-programmable Flash memory – 256 bytes EEPROM  – 2 KB SRAM  – Write/erase endurance:Flash 10,000 cyclesEEPROM 100,000 cycles – Data retention: 20 years at 85°CSystem: – Power-on Reset (POR) – Brown-out Detection (BOD) – Internal and external clock options:16/20 MHz low-power RC oscillator32.768 kHz Ultra Low-Power (ULP) internal RC oscillator with ±10% accuracy, ±2% calibration step size32.768 kHz external crystal oscillatorExternal clock input – Single pin programming and debugging interface (UPDI) – Three Sleep modes:Idle with all peripherals running for immediate wake-up DatasheetATTINY1616-DatasheetProduct AttributesProduct AttributeAttribute ValueManufacturer:MicrochipProduct Category:8-bit Microcontrollers - MCUSeries:ATtiny1616,ATtiny3217Mounting Style:SMD/SMTPackage / Case:QFN-20Core:AVRProgram Memory Size:16 kBData Bus Width:8 bitADC Resolution:10 bitMaximum Clock Frequency:20 MHzNumber of I/Os:18 I/OData RAM Size:2 kBOperating Supply Voltage:1.8 V to 5.5 VMinimum Operating Temperature:- 40 CMaximum Operating Temperature:+ 105 CQualification:AEC-Q100Packaging:Cut TapePackaging:MouseReelPackaging:ReelProduct:MCUProgram Memory Type:FlashBrand:Microchip Technology / AtmelData RAM Type:SRAMData ROM Size:256 BData ROM Type:EEPROMInterface Type:I2C, SPI, USARTDAC Resolution:8 bitMoisture Sensitive:YesNumber of ADC Channels:20 ChannelNumber of Timers/Counters:6 TimerProcessor Series:tinyAVR-1Product Type:8-bit Microcontrollers - MCUFactory Pack Quantity:6000Subcategory:Microcontrollers - MCUSupply Voltage - Max:5.5 VSupply Voltage - Min:1.8 VTradename:AVRWatchdog Timers:Watchdog Timer, WindowedUnit Weight:0.005948 oz ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Inc. is a publicly-listed American corporation that manufactures microcontroller, mixed-signal, analog and Flash-IP integrated circuits. Its products include microcontrollers (PIC, dsPIC, AVR and SAM), Serial EEPROM devices, Serial SRAM devices, embedded security devices, radio frequency (RF) devices, thermal, power and battery management analog devices, as well as linear, interface and wireless products. Using WarningNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. FAQWhat is ATtiny1616?The ATtiny1616 is a microcontroller featuring the 8-bit AVR® processor with a hardware multiplier, running at up to 20 MHz, and with 16 KB Flash, 2 KB. What features are included in the tinyAVR 1-series?Event System and SleepWalking What touch controller is supported by the ATtiny3216/ATtiny1616?QTouch® peripheral touch controller