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Ⅰ. Filter DefinitionIn electronics, a filter (signal processing) is a kind of devices or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal. Filtering is a class of signal processing, the defining feature of filters being the complete or partial suppression of some aspect of the signal. Most often, this means removing some frequencies or frequency bands. However, filters do not exclusively act in the frequency domain; especially in the field of image processing many other targets for filtering exist. As is known to all, electronic filters remove unwanted frequency components from the applied signal, enhance wanted ones, or both.Introduction to Signal FilteringCatalogⅠ. Filter DefinitionⅡ. Type of Filters and Functions  2.1 Type of Filters  2.2 Filtering FunctionsⅢ. Filter TechnologiesⅣ. Main Characteristic Indexes of FilteringⅤ. Filter Classifications Analysis  5.1 Passive Filter & Active Filter  5.2 Digital Filter & Analog FiltersⅥ. One Question Related Filter and Going Further  6.1 Question  6.2 AnswerⅡ. Type of Filters and Functions2.1 Type of FiltersFilters have different effects on signals of different frequencies. According to this fact, the basic filter types can be classified into four categories: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop. Each of them has a specific application in DSP. One of the objectives may involve digital filters design in applications. Generally, the filter is designed based on the specifications primarily for the passband, stopband, and transition band of the filter frequency response. The filter passband is the frequency range with the amplitude gain of the filter response being approximately unity. The filter stopband refers to the frequency range over which the filter magnitude response is attenuated to eliminate the input signal whose frequency components are within that range. The transition band means the frequency range between the passband and the stopband.Figure 1. Filtering Out the Noise (signal processing)Because there are many different standards of classifying filters and these overlap in many different ways, there is no clearly distinctive classification. Filters may be:non-linear or linearanalog or digitaltime-variant or time-invariant , also known as shift invariance.discrete-time (sampled) or continuous-timepassive or active type of continuous-time filterinfinite impulse response (IIR) or finite impulse response (FIR) type2.2 Filtering FunctionsSeparate useful signals from noise to improve signal immunity and signal-to-noise ratio.Filter out unwanted frequency to improve signal analysis accuracy.Separate single frequency from complex frequencFigure 2. Electronic FilterⅢ. Filter TechnologiesFilters can be built in a number of different technologies. Before that, it is necessary to know some basics of it deeply.Center frequencyThe main parameters of the filter: the center frequency of the filter's pass-band f 0, generally f 0 = (f 1 + f 2) / 2, f 1 and f 2 are boundary frequencies of band-pass or band-stop filter, which decreased by 1dB or 3dB. In addition, narrowband filters often use the smallest point of insertion loss as the center frequency to calculate the pass-band bandwidth. Cutoff frequencyIt refers to the right frequency point of the pass-band of the low-pass filter and the left frequency point of the pass-band of the high-pass filter, and it is usually defined by relative loss points, 1dB or 3dB. The relative reference for the relative loss is: the low-pass is based on the insertion loss at DC, and the high-pass is based on the insertion loss at a high-pass frequency at which no parasitic stop-band occurs. Pass-band bandwidthThe bandwidth of the filter is simply the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies, while passband bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of, for example, a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. Insertion lossIt refers to the loss of the original signal in the circuit due to the introduction of the filter. And it is characterized by the loss at the center or the cutoff frequency. If it is the full-band interpolation loss, it must be emphasized.Note: When adding a filter at the input end, the impedance of the filter should be mismatched with the impedance of the power supply. The more severe the mismatch, the more ideal the attenuation is, and the better the insertion loss characteristics. That is, if the internal resistance of the noise source is low impedance, the input impedance of the EMI filter connected to it should be high (such as a series inductor with a large amount of inductance); if the internal resistance of the noise source is high impedance, the input impedance of the EMI filter should be low (such as a large parallel capacitor). Due to the imbalance of the line impedance, the two components will convert to each other during transmission, and the situation becomes complicated. RippleIt refers to the peak-to-peak value of the insertion loss that fluctuates on the basis of the average loss curve with the frequency in the 1dB or 3dB bandwidth (cutoff frequency). Pass-band riplpeThe amount of change in insertion loss in the pass-band with frequency. For example, in a 1dB bandwidth, it is 1dB. Pass-band standing wave ratio (VSWR)An important indicator for measuring whether the signal in the filter pass-band is properly transferred. Ideal VSWR is 1: 1, when mismatched, VSWR> 1. For an actual filter, bandwidth satisfies VSWR <1.5: 1, which is generally less than 3dB, and the proportion when at 3dB is related to the filter order and insertion loss. Return lossThe decibels (dB) of the ratio of the port's signal input power to the reflected power, and it is also equal to | 20Log10ρ |, where ρ is the voltage reflection coefficient. In addition, when the input power is completely absorbed by the port, the return loss value is infinite. Stop band rejectionIt is a major index to measure the performance of filter selection. The higher the index, the better the suppression of out-of-band interference signals. There are usually two formulations: one is how much dB is required to suppress a given out-of-band frequency fs, and the calculation method is the attenuation fs=As-IL; another is to propose a characterizing filter whose amplitude-frequency response is close to the ideal rectangle index of degree-rectangular coefficient (KxdB> 1), KxdB = BWxdB / BW3dB, (x can be 40dB, 30dB, 20dB, etc.). The more the filter order, the higher the rectangularity, in other words, the closer the K is to the ideal value 1, the more difficult it is to make an ideal filter. Delay (Td)It refers to the time required for the signal to cross the filter. The value is the derivative of the diagonal frequency of the transmission phase function. In-band phase linearityThis indicator characterizes the phase distortion introduced by the filter on the transmission signal in the pass-band. The filter designed according to the linear phase response function, which has good phase linearity, but its frequency selectivity is very poor. It is only used to pulse or phase-modulate signal transmission system applications. Order (stage)For high-pass and low-pass filters, the order is the sum of all capacitors and inductors in the filter circuit. For a band-pass filter, the order is the total number of parallel resonators; for a band-stop filter, the order is the total number of series and parallel resonators. Absolute bandwidth / relative bandwidthThis indicator is usually used for band-pass filters, which characterize the frequency range of signals that can pass through the filter, and reflects the frequency selection of the filter. Relative bandwidth is the percentage of absolute bandwidth to center frequency. Standing waveIt indicates the impedance matching between the filter port and the required system, and also it indicates how much of the input signal failed to enter the filter and was reflected back to the input. LossIt represents the energy lost after the signal passes through the filter, that is, the energy consumed by the filter. Pass-band flatnessThe absolute value of the difference between the maximum loss and the minimum loss in the pass-band of the filter, which characterizes the difference in energy consumption of filters for different frequency signals. Out-of-band rejectionIt is the "attenuation" outside the pass-band frequency range of the filter, which characterizes the filter's ability to select unnecessary frequency signals. Absolute group delayThe time it taken for a signal to pass from the input port to the output port within the pass-band of the filter. Group delay fluctuationThe difference between the maximum and minimum absolute group delay in the pass-band of the filter, which characterizes the dispersion characteristics of a filter. Power capacityIt refers to the maximum power of the pass-band signal that can be input to the filter. Phase consistencyThe difference in the phase of the transmitted signal between different filters of the same index in the same batch, which characterizes the differences (consistency) between batch filters. Amplitude consistencyThe difference of transmission signal loss between different filters with the same index in the same batch, which represents the differences (consistency) between batch filters.Figure 3. Low-Pass Electrical FilterⅣ. Main Characteristic Indexes of FilteringCharacteristic frequency① The pass-band cutoff frequency fp = wp / (2p) is the frequency of the boundary point between the passband and the transition band, at which the signal gain decreases to the specified lower limit.② Stop-band cut-off frequency fr = wr / (2p) is the frequency of the boundary point between the stopband and the transition band, at which the signal attenuation (reciprocal of the gain) decreases to the specified lower limit.③ The corner frequency fc = wc / (2p) is the frequency when the signal power is attenuated to 1/2 (about 3dB). In many cases, fc is often used as the pass-band or stop-band cutoff frequency.④ Natural frequency f0 = w0 / (2p), when there is no loss in the circuit, it refers to the resonance frequency of the filter, and complex circuits often have multiple natural frequencies. Gain and attenuationThe gain of the filter in the pass-band is not constant.① For the low-pass filter pass-band gain Kp, for the ordinary filters, it refers to the gain at w = 0; for the high-pass, it refers to the gain at w → ∞; for the band pass, it refers to the gain at the center frequency.② For the band-stop filter, the stop-band attenuation should be given, and the attenuation is defined as the inverse of the gain.③ The change amount of the pass-band gain △ Kp, refers to the maximum change amount of the gain at each point in the pass-band. If △ Kp is in dB, it means the variation of the gain dB value. Damping coefficient and quality factorThe damping coefficient is a characterization of a filter’s damping effect on a signal with an angular frequency at w0, and is an indicator of energy loss in the filter.The reciprocal of the damping coefficient is called quality factor, and is an important indicator of the frequency selection characteristics of the valence band-pass and band-stop filters, Q = w0 / △ w, where △ w in the formula is the 3dB bandwidth of the band-pass or band-stop filter, w0 is the center frequency, and in many cases the center frequency is equal to the natural frequency. SensitivityThe filtering circuit is composed of many components, and changes of parameter values of each component will affect the performance of the filter. The sensitivity of a certain performance index y of the filter to the change of a certain component parameter x is recorded as Sxy, which is defined as: Sxy = (dy / y) / (dx / x).This sensitivity is not the same concept with the sensitivity of measuring instruments or circuit systems. The smaller the sensitivity, the stronger the fault tolerance of the circuit, and the higher the stability. Group delay functionWhen the filter's amplitude-frequency characteristics meet the design requirements, in order to ensure that the output signal distortion does not exceed the allowable range, certain requirements should be put forward for its phase-frequency characteristic ∮(w). In filter design, the closer the group delay function d∮ (w) / dw is to a constant, the smaller the signal phase distortion. Ⅴ. Filter Classifications Analysis5.1 Passive Filter & Active FilterPassive filterA passive filter is composed of passive components only. It is based on the principle that the reactance of the capacitive and inductive components changes with frequency. The advantages of this type of filter are: simple circuit, causal power supply, and high reliability. Also there are disadvantages: the signal in the pass-band has energy loss, the load effect is relatively obvious, and electromagnetic induction is easy to cause when using inductive components. When the inductance is large, the size and weight of the filter are relatively large, which is not applicable in the low frequency range.The passive filter circuit has a simple structure and is easy to design, but its pass-band magnification and cut-off frequency change with the load, so it is not suitable for occasions with large signal processing requirements. Passive filter circuits are usually used in power circuits, such as filtering after DC power rectification, or LC (inductance, capacitor) circuit filtering when high current loads are used. Active filterActive filters are composed of passive components and active devices. The advantages of this type of filter are that the signal in the pass-band has no energy loss, even be amplified; the load effect is not obvious, and the mutual influence is small when multi-levels are connected. The simple method of cascading is easy to form high-order filter, and the device is small, lightweight, and does not require magnetic shielding. Their disadvantages are that the pass-band range is limited by the bandwidth of the active device and requires a DC power supply; the reliability is not as high as that of a passive filter, and it is not suitable for high voltage, high frequency, and high power applications.The load of the active filter circuit does not affect the filtering characteristics, so it is often used in places with superior signal processing requirements. Active filter circuit is generally composed of an RC network and integrated operational amplifier, so it can only be used under the condition of suitable DC power supply, and it can also be amplified. However, the composition and design of the circuit are also more complicated. Active filter circuits are not suitable for high voltage and high current applications. 5.2 Digital Filter & Analog Filters5.2.1 TerminologyA digital filter is an algorithm or device consisting of a digital multiplier, an adder, and a delay unit. The function of the digital filter is to perform arithmetic processing on the digital code of the input discrete signal to achieve the purpose of changing the signal spectrum. Digital filters can be made by computer software or large-scale integrated digital hardware.There are active and passive analog filters. Active filters mainly consist of op amps, op amps,  resistors, and capacitors. They have problems such as voltage drift, temperature drift, and noise, while digital filters do not get these problems, so they can achieve high stability and accuracy. 5.2.2 Differences between Digital filter & Analog filtersDigital filters are used for discrete systems, analog filters are used in continuous-time systems, and they can also be used in discrete-time systems, such as SC (switched capacitor) filters.From the point of view of implementation, analog filters are generally built with analog devices such as capacitors and inductors. Digital filters can be implemented by software or digital chips. It is troublesome to replace the capacitor and inductor when the technique parameters of the analog filter are changed. If there is a need for replacement, it is necessary to modify the coefficients (such as when implemented in software).From the technical view, for example, it is very difficult for analog filters to reach -60dB, and digital filters can easily reach this.The biggest difference between analog and digital filters is that the digital filter on the Fs/2 frequency is flipped, that is, symmetrical, while analog filters are not. Therefore, a large number of interpolation filters are selected in the DAC, and the image frequency is placed at a far frequency point, and then the analog filter regarded as a sound meter is used to filter out the image frequency in the radio frequency band.The expression of analog filters is different from digital filters: analog filters are represented by H (S), and digital filters are represented by H (Z). Analog filter is based on the approximation of amplitude-frequency characteristics, while digital filters can achieve phase matching.Figure 4. EMI Filters ImageⅥ. One Question Related to Filter and Going Further6.1 QuestionHow to Select EMI Filters?6.2 AnswerSome people think that the higher the insertion loss of an EMI filter, the better, and the more stages of the filtering network, the better. In fact, this is not the right way to choose a EMI filter. In addition, the more stages of the filtering network, the more expensive, the larger the size and weight. In practice, the best way to select and evaluate an EMI filter is to install it on a device for testing. As is known to all, the performance of a filter depends largely on the load impedance of the device. It cannot be derived from one data of impedance insertion loss. Because it is a complex function of the filtering element impedance and the equipment impedance, and its magnitude and phase change within the frequency range. What's more, different performance levels of conducted radiation control (FCC, VDE) and sensitivity control required by the filter selection test are performed on the device. Frequently Asked Questions about Filter (Signal Processing) Basics1. What is filter in digital signal processing?In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal. Filtering is a class of signal processing, the defining feature of filters being the complete or partial suppression of some aspect of the signal. 2. Why do we use filter in digital signal processing?Digital filters are used for two general purposes:(1) Separation of signals that have been combined(2) Restoration of signals that have been distorted in some way. Analog (electronic) filters can be used for these same tasks; however, digital filters can achieve far superior results. 3. What is filter response?In comparison, filters carried out by convolution are called Finite Impulse Response or FIR filters. As you know, the impulse response is the output of a system when the input is an impulse. In this same manner, the step response is the output when the input is a step (also called an edge, and an edge response). 4. Which filter is present in DSP system?An ideal bandpass filter and second-order approximations. With DSP software, there are two basic approaches to filter design: finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR). 5. What are the functions of filter in signal processing?In the field of signal processing, a filter is a device or process that, completely or partially, suppresses unwanted components or features from a signal. This usually means removing some frequencies to suppress interfering signals and to reduce background noise. 6. What is filter frequency?A frequency filter is an electrical circuit that alters the amplitude and sometimes phase of an electrical signal with respect to frequency. ... The frequency separating the attenuation band and the pass is called the cut-off frequency. 7. What is IIR filter in DSP?The infinite impulse response (IIR) filter is a recursive filter in that the output from the filter is computed by using the current and previous inputs and previous outputs. Because the filter uses previous values of the output, there is feedback of the output in the filter structure. 8. Where FIR filter is used?The term FIR abbreviation is “Finite Impulse Response” and it is one of two main types of digital filters used in DSP applications. Filters are signal conditioners and function of each filter is, it allows an AC components and blocks DC components. The best example of the filter is a phone line, which acts as a filter. 9. What are the most commonly used active filters?The most common and easily understood active filter is the Active Low Pass Filter. Its principle of operation and frequency response is exactly the same as those for the previously seen passive filter, the only difference this time is that it uses an op-amp for amplification and gain control. 10. Why IIR filter is unstable?So, for unstable filters, the impulse response is not absolutely summable. In another way, the impulse response never approaches zero. Again, for IIR filter, h continues to go on with n i.e. never goes to zero. So, IIR filters are supposed to be unstable. Recommended ReadingComplete Introduction and Classification of Filters and ApplicationsPrinciple and Function of the FilterCommon Applications of FilterClassification of Electronic Filters

NewsKynix will attend the 49th Korea Electronics Show (KES) 2018 from 24,October to 27, October 2018 in Korea; hours: 10 a.m.- 5 p.m. on Oct. 24 to 26 / 10 a.m.- 4 p.m. on Oct. 27. Our Booth Number in Korea Electronics Show is E320. we sincerely invites you to visit this exhibition.It is believed that you can have a better understanding of our company and we can form a stable partnership. Following are some information about the Korea Electronics Show. About Korea Electronics ShowThe Korea Electronics Show (KES) is a professional electronic Show certified by the international UFI. It is well known in the Asia-pacific region. It is one of the exhibitions of the Asia electronic Show alliance (AEECC).For a long time, Korea electronics show has become a bridge for cooperation between Chinese and Korean enterprises. Chinese electronics and household appliances enterprises have also gained the opportunity to exchange and cooperate with excellent Korean enterprises in the exhibition, and have rapidly opened up the Korean and overseas markets, thus enabling China to launch a step.Believe that there will be greater harvest!   Times The 49th Korea Electronics Show (KES) takes place on 4 days from 24,October to 27, October 2018 in Korea.Hours: 10 a.m.- 5 p.m. on Oct. 24 to 26 / 10 a.m.- 4 p.m. on Oct. 27   Themes of the exhibitionConvergence and Innovation Open up the Future Events in Number Exhibiting Companies:500Attendees:60000Exhibition Area:13500sqmFrequency:Annually Well-known Exhibitors Profile Booth Number                                                                                    Company Name                                                                            E320                                 Kynix                              C262                                 Avnet                               E518                                 cvilux                              C480                                                                                         Daimler AG                                                                       A221                                                                                          Gve                              S113                                                                                                      Luxy Star Electronics Inc.                                                            E520                                                                                           Chip One Stop, Inc.                                                            S114                                                                                            RITDISPLAY                           D192                                                                                                      Inlife-Handnet Co., Ltd.                                                    S110                                                                                                       LENOO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD                                              A148                                  OUTTOS INDUSTRIAL CO ., LTD                                        A147                                                                                           FRONTIER CIRCUIT LTD                                                      Exhibitor Profile Home entertainment                                                          automotive electronics products                                                              digital television                  Automobile navigation system                    LCD/PDP TV                       on-board computer                                                                        DVD                            intelligent transportation system (ITS) terminal        AddressCoex, 513, Yeongdong-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea, 06164Korea Electronics Show is one of the largest and modern fairgrounds of the world, a full member of The Global Association of the Exhibition Industry UFI in categories of Exhibition Organizers and Exhibition Centres.Coex official caterer is Gramercy Banquet & Conventions providing delicious options for your event. From small to large-scale events, Gramercy offers delicious fare and differentiated services to meet the need of your event and participants. This includes breakfasts, brunches, lunches, cocktail parties, dinners, banquets, themed parties, and special events.  About kynixKynix Semiconductor has founded over 10 years since 2008. These 10 years have witnessed our company's trials of becoming a better and better distributor and supplier in electronic components industry.In 2009, our company established the International Sales Department and became members of TBF and HKInventory. In 2010, we established cooperative relationships with accredited testing organizations like CECCLab, White Horse Lab, AAA...In 2013, we established a strategic partnership with dozens of well-known electronic components manufacturers including TI.In 2015,we reached an electronic components supply strategic partnership with Foxconn. Also ,our B2B trading platform was launched officially,whose members have exceeded 15,000 in 2017. Our partners in electronics field have increased to 700 up to now.In 2017, We attended Korea Electronic Show(KES), we won a lot of new partners and opened up kynix’s world market.  Our advantages         1. Strong operation system2. Good warehouse management3. Cooperation with advanced international testing companies4. Cooperation with international high standard logistics companies like UPS, DHL, TNT, FedEx5. Competitive supply from SumSung / Micron / BroadCom / Freescale / Atmel / Cypress and etc...6.After-sales Services7.Gurantee8.Commitment to Quality  Kynix attened the 2018 EXPO ELECTRONICAExpo Electronica in Moscow is an international exhibition of electronic components, modules and systems. The show is constantly growing and every year attracts more exhibitors and visitors from Russia, the CIS and other foreign countries.  ContactIf you have any questions, please contact us through the following contact information! Hope the exhibition finishes perfectly! We will be there and waiting for your coming! Telephone： +86-0755-88605655Fax：           0755-88603420Email：       info@kynix.com

From November 13th to 16th in 2018, the Electronica Munich 2018, the biggest International Exhibition of electronic components,modules and systems will be held this year in Messe München Exhibition Center. As an exhibitor of the exhibiton, Kynix Semiconductor sincerely invites you to visit this exhibition. It is believed that you can have a better understanding of our company and we can form a stabler partnership.Following are some information about the exhibition.Electronica Munich 2018OverviewWorld's largest industry gathering with contacts at the highest level. After expanding by one hall in 2016, Electronica is continuing to grow, and will fill 17 halls for the first time in 2018. And the range of exhibits at electronica covers technologies, products and solutions in the entire electronics industry. The trade fair presents industry trends and, in doing so, helps visitors stay oriented on the electronics industry's global market. Electronica's visitors represent nearly all consumer segments and user branches of industry.Electronica Munich 2018  Exhibit areas:ICM—Internatioales Congress Center München, GermanyTheme:Connecting everything-smart, safe & secureVenue:Messe München exhibition center, Munich, GermanyOrganizer:   Messe München GmbH | Messegel?nde | 81823 München              Tel. +49 89 949-11458 | Fax +49 89 949-11459              Info@electronica.deDate:  November 13th-16th, 2018.Opening Time:Tuesday-Thursday: 09:00-18:00    Friday: 09:00-17:00Our Booth Number: C4. 229-3/4 Electronica Map Exhibition SectorsAutomotiveTest and measurementDisplaysMicro- and nanosystemsElectromechanics/System peripheryPassive componentsElectronic design (ED/EDA)SensorsEmbedded systemsServicesEMS Electronic manufacturing servicesPower suppliesSemiconductorsSystem components/Assemblies and subsystemsPCBs and other circuit carriersWirelessFamous Exhibitors  About KynixKynix Semiconductor has founded over 10 years since 2008. These 10 years have witnessed our company's trials of becoming a better and better distributor and supplier in electronic components industry.In 2009, our company established the International Sales Department and became members of TBF and HKInventory. In 2010, we established cooperative relationships with accredited testing organizations like CECCLab, White Horse Lab, AAA...In 2013, we established a strategic partnership with dozens of well-known electronic components manufacturers including TI.In 2015,we reached an electronic components supply strategic partnership with Foxconn.Also ,our B2B trading platform was launched officially,whose members have exceeded 15,000 in 2017. Our partners in electronics field have increased to 700 up to now.In 2017, We attended Korea Electronic Show(KES), we won a lot of new partners and opened up kynix’s world market.After-sales ServicesGuranteeEach product from Kynix has been given a warranty period of 1 YEAR . During this period , we could provide free technical maintenance if there are any problems about our products.If you find quality problems about our products after receiving them , you could test them and apply for unconditional refund if it can be proved.But it's just on this premise that the product is not used and the packing is not damaged.Commitment to QualityKynix has always been laying emphasis on the quality of its products and maintaining a sound cooperative relation with electronic components manufacturers since its founding. It has been conducting quality-monitoring system following the rigid rules in terms of the quality of the product, delivery, and it's after-sales service.  It is claimed by Kynix that all products sold are 100% authentic. Each product has been tested carefully before being sent to the customer. It is our aim to be responsible for our customers and make them satisfactory.Electronica 2018 showcases the electronics industry's entire range of technologies, trends, products and solutions. Stop by the Kynix Semiconductor stand to discover the newest products and technologies to support your design and prototyping needs. Come and see how we're engineering plenty of fun at this year's leading trade fair for electronic components, systems and applications. The 2018 EXPO ELECTRONICA We have atteneded:From Apr. 17th to 19th in 2018, the EXPO ELECTRONICA,the 21st International Exhibition of electronic components,modules and systems  held in CROCUS EXPO,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. As an exhibitor of the exhibiton, Kynix Semiconductor invited to join this great exhibition. It is believed that you can have a better understanding of our company and we can form a stabler partnership. The EXPO ELECTRONICA is a big party for electronic companyies and comsumers, also a good chance to make friends with all over the world people.The 2017 Electronic Show We have atteneded: In 2017,we attened the Korean Electronic Show which held from 17 October to 20th October 2017 at the COEX Korea Exhibition Center in Seoul, Korea. Under the theme--Where the Creative Things are, there are more well-known exhibitors such as UNION SEIMITSU CO., LTD.; SILICONE VALLEY CO., LTD.; SANYO DENKI (THAILAND) CO.,LTD.; MORNSUN took part in KES.ContactIf you have any questions, please contact us through our emails! Hope the exhibition finishes perfectly! We will be there and waiting for your coming!Tel:00852-81928838    Email:info@kynix.com 

The devices or components commonly used in electronic circuits include: resistors, capacitors, inductors, sensors, potentiometers, transformers, diodes, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), photoelectric switches, resonators, oscillators, filters, silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), relays, dual inline package (DIP) switches, fuse holders, bridge rectifiers, emitters, reed switches, common mode chokes and ferrite beads, magnetic rings, etc. This article contains a lot of commonly used electronic components figures, and I hope you will find this information useful.A Simple Guide to Electronic Components FAQ1. What are basic electronic components?You will work with a number of basic electronic components when building electronic circuits, including resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. 2. What are electronic components called?They are also called Electrical elements or electrical components. e.g. Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Inductors. 3. What are the 3 classification of electronic components?Classification of Electronic Components: Components can be classified as passive, active, or electro-mechanic components.Active components are devices that can amplify an electric signal and produce power.Passive components can't introduce net energy into the circuit. 4. What are the two types of electronic components?These are of 2 types: Passive and Active Components. 5. What is passive electronic components?A passive element is an electrical component that does not generate power, but instead dissipates, stores, and/or releases it. Passive elements include resistances, capacitors, and coils (also called inductors). These components are labeled in circuit diagrams as Rs, Cs and Ls, respectively. 6. How do I choose electronic components?How to select electronic components?Manufacturers.Application Circuit Complexity.Electrical Parameters [voltage, current, power, accuracy, response time, speed, resolution, etc.]Mechanical Parameters [dimension, package, weight, etc.]Consideration w.r.t Manufacturing / Testing. 7. What is difference between active and passive components?Active components are the elements or devices which are capable of providing or delivering energy to the circuit. Passive components are the ones that do not require any external source for the operation and are capable of storing energy in the form of voltage or current in the circuit. 8. How to Test Electric Components with a Multimeter?Continuity tests measure if electricity can flow through the part.Resistance tests how much current is lost as electricity flows through a component or circuit.The third common test is for voltage, or the force of the electric pressure. 9. What are passive components?A passive component is an electronic component which can only receive energy, which it can either dissipate, absorb or store it in an electric field or a magnetic field. ... Passive components cannot amplify, oscillate, or generate an electrical signal. Common examples of passive components include: Resistors. Inductors. 10. How do I choose a PCB component?6 tips for choosing PCB componentsThink about component footprint decisions.Use good grounding practices.Assign virtual parts footprints.Ensure you have complete BOM Data.Sort reference designators.Check spare gates. Relevant information about "List of Basic Electronic Components"About the article "List of Basic Electronic Components", If you have better ideas, don't hesitate to write your thoughts in the following comment area. You also can find more articles about electronic semiconductor through Google search engine, or refer to the following related articles:Rectifiers and Filters NotesCharacteristics and Functions of DiodesReview and Application of Electronic skinSwitched Mode Power Supply Tutorial: Principles & Functions of SMPS CircuitsTransformers Basics: Construction, Types, Materials and Design

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been developed rapidly in recent years. The key is an automatic identification technology which uses radio waves to communicate. Compared with the traditional recognition technology, it has the advantages of fast recognition, large data storage and data updatable.  This is a video about brief introduction to RFIDThe basic principle of the data communication is the electromagnetic coupling between the reader and the electronic tag affixed to the object. This article will take the RFID technology as the research object, analyzing the basic definition of RFID, the components of the system, the working principle, operating frequency, the main application examples and development trend of RFID technology. In this article, we will make some intorduction to RFID and analyze how it will develop in the future.  CatalogI What is RFID?II Structure of RFID system2.1 Basic components of RFID2.2 RFID middlewareIII Basic working principle of RFID   technologyIV RFID operating frequency4.1 Low frequency 4.2 High Frequency4.3 Ultra-high frequency4.4 Active RFID technologyV RFID practical application examples5.1 Necessity of applying RFID technology   to retail logistics5.2 Why to use RFID technology instead of   existing technology5.3 Application of RFID technology in   retail industryVI Development trend of RFID application   system6.1 More powerful system compatibility6.2 System networking6.3 Greater system data volume6.4 High frequency systemFAQI What is RFID?Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, also known as electronic tag, is a communication technology that uses radio signals to identify specific targets and read and write related data. And there is no need to identify the mechanical or optical contact between the system and the specific target. It can achieve fast reading and writing, non-visual recognition, mobile recognition, multi-target recognition, locating and long-term tracking management. The recognition work is not affected by bad environment, and it can achieve fast reading speed, read information safe and reliable. Therefore, RFID technology has a wide range of application prospects. Radio frequency identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology. It can automatically identify the target object and obtain the relevant data through the radio frequency signal. The identification work can be applied to all kinds of bad environment. RFID is a simple wireless system with only two basic devices. It is used to control, detect and track objects. The system consists of an interrogator and many transponders.Due to the rapid development of RF technology, transponders are also called smart tags or tags. The RFID reader can communicate wirelessly with the electronic tag through the antennas, and can read and write the tag identification code and memory data. A typical reader includes a high-frequency module, a control unit and a reader antenna. II Structure of RFID system2.1 Basic components of RFIDRFID system mainly includes four parts: electronic tag, reader, antenna and application software. The following picture is the block diagram of the system:RFID system structureFrom the above diagram, we can see that there are input and output of data in the module of reader and electronic tag, and the energy and clock are also transmitted in the two modules.2.1.1 ReaderReader is a device for reading (or writing) tag information that can be designed to be hand-held or fixed type. Hand-held is a smaller type used by supermarket cashiers; Fixed is a stationary reader placed by a logistics company at the door when goods are stored in a warehouse. As soon as the object swept by, the scan was completed in an instant.Reader working model2.1.2 AntennaAntenna is used to transmit RF signals between tags and readers.2.1.3 TagsTags are made up of coupling elements and chips. Each tag has a unique electronic code attached to an object to identify the target object. The following picture is the query tag diagram of readers. Reader query tag diagram2.1.4 Application softwareApplication software is a part of RFID system, which is software developed for different needs. It can read, write and control electronic tags through readers, and process and count the collected data. 2.2 RFID middlewareIn the application program, the API can connect to the RFID reader and retrieve the data from the RFID tag through the universal application program interface which can be provided by middleware. RFID middleware acts as a bridge between RFID tags and applications.In this way, even when the FRID reader category or application changes, the application still doesn't need to make any changes. It just need to configure the middleware accordingly. This can reflect the flexibility and importance of middleware.Practical application of RFID middlewareThe benefits that the application of RFID middleware can be brought to an enterprise are as follows:- According to their own business requirements and actual usage, enterprises can import the required data into the application software by self-configuring the RFID middleware parameters, which can fully reflect the flexible characteristics of RFID middleware.- The import of RFID data only needs to change the setting of RFID middleware when some changes occur in enterprise application software.- If you need to increase the number of RFID readers, then enterprises only need to do some related RFID middleware settings. It doesn’t need to change any related procedures, which reduce unnecessary trouble, and save time.- It shortens the implementation cycle of RFID application, and enterprises can directly import the relevant data of RFID.  III Basic working principle of RFID technologyA complete RFID system is composed of three parts: reader, tag with transponder and application software system. Its working principle is: Reader sends out the energy of a radio wave at a specific frequency to drive the transponder, and the circuit will send out the internal data. At this time, the reader will receive the data in order and interpret them, then send it to the application for some corresponding processing.RFID working principleThe information exchange between the reader and the transponder is usually half-duplex communication mode. In this case, the reader can provide the passive transponder with energy, timing and other related contents by coupling. In practical application, the object recognition information can be collected, processed and transmitted remotely through Ethernet and so on. Transponder is the main information carrier of its system. At present, most of the transponders in the market are composed of coupling elements (including coils, microstrip antennas, etc.) and passive application units composed of microchips. The reader can control and process the information center according to the structure and technology of RFID system information. Its reader is usually composed of a transceiver module, a coupling module, an interface unit and a control module. IV RFID operating frequencyAt present, the operating frequencies of RFID products are divided into low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency and so on. RFID products with different frequencies will have different characteristics. 4.1 Low frequency (125KHz ~ 135KHz)Related operation at this frequency is mainly done by inductive coupling. There is a transformer coupling between the inductor coil and the reader coil. The voltage which can be induced in the antenna of the inductor can be rectified by the action of the relative alternating field of the reader. Features:- Apart from some related effects of metal materials, the general low-frequency system can penetrate any material, but it will not reduce its maximum possible reading distance.- Readers working at low frequencies have no special licensing restrictions on the entire planet.- Low-frequency products have different packaging forms. The disadvantage of the best package is that it is too expensive, but it has a service life of more than 10 years.- The frequency of the sensor working in low frequency ranges from 120KHz to 134 kHz. The wavelength of this band is about 2500m. 4.2 High frequencySensors at this frequency will no longer need a coil to wrap it up. Antennas can be made by etching or printing. The related operations of sensors are usually done by load modulation. That is, by turning on and off the load resistance on the inductor, the voltage on the reader antenna will be changed, which can realize the amplitude modulation of the antenna voltage with the remote inductor. If people use data to control load voltages on and off, the data can be transmitted quickly from the sensor to the reader.Features: - Apart from metallic materials, the wavelength of this frequency can pass through most materials, but it will reduce the reading distance. Sensors often need a distance away from the metal.- Although the magnetic field region at this frequency decreases rapidly , a relatively uniform read - write region can be produced.- The system has good anti-collision property and can read many electronic tags at the same time.- Sensors usually exist in the form of electronic tags. 4.3 Ultra-high frequencyThe ultra-high frequency system will transmit energy by electric field. The energy of the electric field will not decrease rapidly. The reading distance of UHF is relatively long, and the passive system can reach about 10m. It is mainly realized by capacitive coupling.Features: - This frequency band has a good reading distance, but it is difficult to define the reading region.- It has a particularly high rate of data transmission and can read a large number of related electronic tags in a very short time.- The radio waves in the UHF band cannot pass through many kinds of application materials, especially water, dust and other substances. For high-frequency electronic tags, however, the tags need not be separated from metals.- Tag antennas are usually in two forms: long stripes and tags. The antenna has two different shapes: linear and circular polarization. It is designed to meet the needs of different applications in the market. 4.4 Active RFID technologyActive RFID is characterized by large amount of data transmission, long communication distance, high reliability, low transmitting power and good compatibility. Compared with passive RFID, it has obvious technical advantages.The basic ideas of RFID technology are: By adopting advanced technical means, people can automatically identify and manage all kinds of objects and equipment in different states.As a new kind of automatic identification technology, RFID technology has a great potential space for development in China, and it has been applied and developed in radio technology. V RFID practical application examplesIn this chapter, we will mainly expound the logistics analysis of retail industry based on RFID technology.5.1 Necessity of applying RFID technology to retail logisticsThe benefits of using RFID technology are not limited to the benefits of retail itself. With the use of RFID technology to create a new revenue stream, government institutions can reduce the loss and enhance the safety and security. At the same time, logistics companies, library systems can also reduce inventory costs.The application of RFID technology in retail can obtain the following benefits:   - Increase project securityTag items only allow objects to be tracked in a specified range or device. RFID technology can also improve the efficiency of inventory management. After all, inventory management is often a time-consuming and exhausting business for retailers.  - Serialization DataEach item has its unique identification number, so it is convenient to distinguish it from other items.  - Real time information flowThe changing state of a project can be quickly updated throughout the supply chain.  - Reduced manual participationRFID technology can track objects automatically without manual counting , data acquisition and bar code scanning , which can save labor cost and human error. The RFID technology provides a real-time visualization technology that allows inventory managers to monitor inventory supplies in real time. This reduces inventory costs and keeps inventory at an optimal level, which avoids shortage and other phenomena at the same time. 5.2 Why to use RFID technology instead of existing technologyThe question now is: why did retail change existing technology by adopting RFID? RFID technology is very similar to the existing bar code technology and non-contact memory. The use of new technologies can bring financial benefits (such as saving money) and can solve some practical problems that can not be solved by the existing technology. Compared with other automatic recognition techniques, RFID has significant advantages. 5.3 Application of RFID Technology in Retail industryRFID technology has been used in the retail industry such as smart shelf. The smart shelf is a kind of shelf which can prevent the phenomenon of product shortage. The shelf combines the RFID reader. Each unit shelf has a RFID tag that allows readers to track the inventory of their products. The main purpose of smart shelf is to support the replenishment at any time and to keep the shelves never out of stock, thus it has been widely used in retail industry and libraries. On one hand, it provides customers with information about the products; on the other hand, it provides inventory information for retail owners and can accurately locate the goods. The purpose of these applications is to offer better and more effective service to them. The use of these technologies will not be limited. It can make customers feel more effective and easier to shop.VI Development Trend of RFID Application systemIt can be predicted that future RFID systems will have the following technological trends: 6.1 More Powerful System CompatibilityAt present, because of the disunity of standards, products from many manufacturers are incompatible with each other. Therefore, it is required that the system should have a very strong compatibility, so that it can deal with the products of multiple manufacturers. 6.2 System NetworkingIn many applications, the data collected by different systems need to be processed uniformly, and then provided to users for use, which requires the management of RFID systems on a networked basis. The aim is to realize the remote control management of the system. 6.3 Greater System Data VolumeThe future RFID system will deal with a large amount of data, so it is necessary for the system to have a stronger data storage capacity and data processing capacity. 6.4 High frequency systemThe UHF RFID system has many advantages compared with the low frequency system, such as small size, long recognition distance, repeatable reading and writing, and no forgery. Therefore, with the decrease of manufacturing cost, the application of UHF system will be more extensive.  FAQ 1. What is RFID used for?Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radio frequency waves to transfer data. Tagging items with RFID tags allows users to automatically and uniquely identify and track inventory and assets. 2. What is RFID and how it works?RFID is a method of data collection that involves automatically identifying objects through low-power radio waves. Data is sent and received with a system consisting of RFID tags, an antenna, an RFID reader, and a transceiver. 3. What RFID means?Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to a wireless system comprised of two components: tags and readers. The reader is a device that has one or more antennas that emit radio waves and receive signals back from the RFID tag. 4. Is RFID harmful to human?It is a non-ionizing type of radiation, but some researches show that it could have a negative impact on the human body in a long-term period [11, 12]. So, for the safety reasons, manufacturers of the RFID systems have limited the range of the RFID antennas used in their systems. 5. Is RFID tag and FASTag same?FASTag is a device that employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly while the vehicle is in motion. FASTag (RFID Tag) is affixed on the windscreen of the vehicle and enables a customer to make the toll payments directly from the account which is linked to FASTag. 6.What is RFID and its advantages?RFID technology automates data collection and vastly reduces human effort and error. RFID supports tag reading with no line-of-sight or item-by-item scans required. RFID readers can read multiple RFID tags simultaneously, offering increases in efficiency. 7. Why is RFID bad?Some negative effects are that its deadly, if RFID tags combine with static electricity you can die. Another negative effect is that the government is slowly taking away surviving resources and giving ultimatums, such as if you don't get the RFID tracking chip your public assistance will be terminated. 8.What are the disadvantages of RFID?a. Materials like metal & liquid can impact signal.b. Sometimes not as accurate or reliable as barcode scanners.c. Cost – RFID readers can be 10x more expensive than barcode readers.d. Implementation can be difficult & time consuming. 9.How do I charge my RFID FASTag?In order to recharge your FASTag sticker, just hit the Add Money option in your Paytm app. FASTag will automatically reserve some amount from your wallet, which can be used at toll plazas later. Do note that FASTag can be used only after 20 mins of adding money to the Paytm Wallet. 10. Can I use existing RFID for FASTag?If a vehicle already has an RFID tag, it might already be activated. When you buy the vehicle, RFID tag payment was also done. It might also have a minimum balance of INR 100 or 200 as is required by the bank. You can recharge it with your Customer ID or Wallet ID of FASTag. 11. How does RFID work without power?Passive RFID tags have no power of their own and are powered by the radio frequency energy transmitted from RFID readers/antennas. The signal sent by the reader and antenna is used to power on the tag and reflect the energy back to the reader. 12. What are the types of RFID tags?RFID tags can be grouped into three categories based on the range of frequencies they use to communicate data: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF). Generally speaking, the lower the frequency of the RFID system, the shorter the read range and slower the data read rate. 13.How do I know if I have an RFID chip?The best way to check for an implant would be to have an X-ray performed. RFID transponders have metal antennas that would show up in an X-ray. You could also look for a scar on the skin. Because the needle used to inject the transponder under the skin would be quite large, it would leave a small but noticeable scar. 14. Does RFID require power?Active RFID tags possess their own power source – an internal battery that enables them to have extremely long read ranges as well as large memory banks. Typically, active RFID tags are powered by a battery that will last between 3 - 5 years, but when the battery fails, the active tag will need to be replaced. 15. What is the difference between a QR code and RFID?QR codes must always be “read-only”, whereas RFID tags can be “read-write”, depending on the radio frequency that's being used. ... So, not only are RFID tags futuristic and have more uses than QR tags, they also have many more applications. The read range is far superior for an RFID tag.  

Expo electronica--21st International Exhibition of electronic componentsFrom Apr. 17th to 19th in 2018, the EXPO ELECTRONICA,the 21st International Exhibition of electronic components,modules and systems will be held in CROCUS EXPO,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. As an exhibitor of the exhibiton, Kynix Semiconductor sincerely invites you to visit this exhibition. It is believed that you can have a better understanding of our company and we can form a stabler partnership.Following are some information about the EXPO ELECTRONICA. OverviewAs one of the largest international exhibition of electronic components,modules and systems both in terms of the number and importance of its exhibitors in Russia,ExpoElectronica exhibitions holds the title of the “Best exhibition in Russia” on the subject of electronics and accessories in all categories according to the Russian National Exhibition Rating. ExpoElectronica is an effective business platform to attract new clients and increase sales of electronic components, modules and systems to existing clients in Russia. Over 400 companies from 20 countries will take part in 2018 exhibition. More than 11 000 specialists from different regions of Russia and foreign countries are expected to visit the exhibition. expoelectronica-plan Exhibition profileSemiconductors;PCBs; Sensors and control devices; Micro- and nanosystems; Passive components; Displays; Electromechanics and connector technology; Embedded systems; Power suppliers; Electronics manufacturing services (EMS); Wireless components and modules; Automation systems; Microelectromechanical systems; Testing and measurement; Circuit design services; Software; LED products and components; NEW! Industry 4.0 solutionsAddressMoscow, 65-66km MKAD (International Exhibition Centre "Crocus Expo")ThemeBest exhibition in RussiaVenuepavilion 3, 65-66 km Moscow City Ring (MKAD), Moscow, RussiaScaletotal exhibitions area was 14 661 sq.mVisitorsOver 400 companies from 20 countries and more than 11 000 specialists from different regions of RussiaDateApril 17 (Tue.) - 19 (Thu.), 2018Well-Know ExhibitorsState Corporate ‘Rostechnologii’, Roselectronics , RAO ‘UES of Russia’, RUSNANO, Almaz-Antey, Zelenograd Innovation and Technology Centre (ZITT), Skolkovo Innovation Center and other.Russia represented electornic organisationsAngstrem, Micron, Svetlana, Meteor plant, JSC Moscow Electrolamp Plant, scientific research institute of gas-discharge devices Plasma, NPP Istok, NPP Pulsar and other.Our Booth Number D411 How to get to EXPO ELECTRONICAUrban transport:  Myakinino metro station (Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line) - exit to Pavilion 3.By car: On the outer side of MKAD (66 km) - exit to the territory of Crocus City after the Volokolamsk highway, the index "Crocus City". On the inner side of the Moscow Ring Road (66 km) - the exit under the bridge in front of the Volokolamsk highway, the "Crocus City" signpost.ExpoElectronica mapAbout kynixKynix Semiconductor has founded over 10 years since 2008. These 10 years have witnessed our company's trials of becoming a better and better distributor and supplier in electronic components industry.In 2009, our company established the International Sales Department and became members of TBF and HKInventory. In 2010, we established cooperative relationships with accredited testing organizations like CECCLab, White Horse Lab, AAA...In 2013, we established a strategic partnership with dozens of well-known electronic components manufacturers including TI.In 2015,we reached an electronic components supply strategic partnership with Foxconn.Also ,our B2B trading platform was launched officially,whose members have exceeded 15,000 in 2017. Our partners in electronics field have increased to 700 up to now.In 2017, We attended Korea Electronic Show(KES), we won a lot of new partners and opened up kynix’s world market. Our advantages1.Strong operation system2. Good warehouse management3. Cooperation with advanced international testing companies4. Cooperation with international high standard logistics companies like UPS, DHL, TNT, FedEx5. Competitive supply from SumSung / Micron / BroadCom / Freescale / Atmel / Cypress and etc... After-sales ServicesGurantee1.Each product from Kynix has been given a  warranty period of 1 YEAR .During this period , we could provide free technical maintenance if there are any problems about our products.2.If you find quality problems about our products after receiving them , you could test them and apply for unconditional refund if it can be proved.But it's just on this premise that the product is not used and the packing is not damaged .Commitment to QualityKynix has always been laying emphasis on the quality of its products and maintaining a sound cooperative relation with electronic components manufacturers since its founding. It has been conducting quality-monitoring system following the rigid rules in terms of the quality of the product, delivery, and it's after-sales service.  It is claimed by Kynix that all products sold are 100% authentic. Each product has been tested carefully before being sent to the customer. It is our aim to be responsible for our customers and make them satisfactory. The 2017 Electronic Shows We have attened:In 2017,we attened the Korean Electronic Show whic held from 17 October to 20th October 2017 at the COEX Korea Exhibition Center in Seoul, Korea. Under the theme--Where the Creative Things are, there are more well-known exhibitors such as UNION SEIMITSU CO., LTD.; SILICONE VALLEY CO., LTD.; SANYO DENKI (THAILAND) CO.,LTD.; MORNSUN took part in KES. 2017 Korea Electronic ShowIt is  kynix’s honor to witness KES’s great success.We gained great benefits from KES.Over 10 thousand visitors from all the world saw kynix’s stand and asked about electronic semiconductors every day between exhibition period. What's more,we made cooperations with over 60 partners in the exhibition including Sumsung and LG. Kynix gained great benefits from KES ContactIf you have any questions, please contact us through our emails! Hope the exhibition finishes perfectly! We will be there and waiting for your coming! Want hintOpening hours of the EXPO ELECTRONICA is :April 17 from 10:00 to 18:00 on April 18 from 10:00 to 18:00 on April 19 from 10:00 to 16:00For a free visit you need to register and  receive an e-ticket at https://www.expoelectronica.ru . Without registration, the entrance fee is  500 rubles.