The Kynix Components

BMP180 is an atmospheric pressure sensor.The BMP180 sensor is mainly used to measure atmospheric pressure or biometric pressure. The working principle of the air pressure sensor is very simple, it works based on the weight of air. Because the air around us has a certain weight, and this weight has a specific pressure.This blog provides you with a basic overview of the BMP180 Sensor, including its pin descriptions, functions and specifications, equivalent products, etc., to help you quickly understand what BMP180 is.We will be glad to find that this blog can be useful for people lovingelectronic components :)This video shows how to use the BMP180 digital temperature and pressure sensor with ArduinoCatalogBMP180 Sensor PinoutBMP180 Sensor FeaturesBMP180 Sensor SpecificationsBMP180 Sensor EquivalentsWhere to Use BMP180 SensorHow to Use BMP180 SensorBMP180 Sensor ApplicationBMP180 Sensor PackageComponent DatasheetFAQBMP180 Sensor PinoutBMP180 is available in two different modules. One is the Five Pin module, the other is the Four Pin module. With the Five Pin module, we have an additional +3.3V pin, which is missing in the four pin module. Apart from the fact that the operation is the same.Pin NameDescriptionVCCConnected to +5VGNDConnected to ground.SDASerial Data pin (I2C interface)SCLSerial Clock pin (I2C interface)3.3VIf +5V is not present. Can power module by connecting +3.3V to this pin.BMP180 Sensor FeaturesCan measure temperature and altitude.Pressure range: 300 to 1100hPaHigh relative accuracy of ±0.12hPaCan work on low voltages3.4Mhz I2C interfaceLow power consumption (3uA)Pressure conversion time: 5msecPotable sizeBMP180 Sensor SpecificationsOperating voltage of BMP180: 1.3V – 3.6VInput voltage of BMP180MODULE: 3.3V to 5.5VPeak current: 1000uAConsumes 0.1uA standbyMaximum voltage at SDA, SCL : VCC + 0.3VOperating temperature: -40ºC to +80ºCBMP180 Sensor EquivalentsBMP280, BMP085, etcWhere to Use BMP180 SensorThere are many reasons why BMP180 is preferred over other modules.Case 1: Where you want to have accurate atmospheric pressure. In many of the modules on the market, BMP180 measures barometric pressure more precisely.Case 2: Where there is a question of power consumption. The BMP180 MODULE consumes much less power to function. This module can be used on battery-operated systems such as smart watches and mobile phones.Case 3: where high-speed communication is needed. BMP180 MODULE capable of communicating with a high-speed TWI interface.The use of the BMP180 module is further promoted with altitude measurement, high speed sensor and temperature sensor on board than other modules.How to Use BMP180 SensorAs seen in PIN DIAGRAM, there are only two pins available to communicate with the module. And that communication is the I2C interface. The data is sent to the module or received from the I2C interface module. So we've got to get information about barometric pressure and temperature through this interface. A typical BMP180 circuit diagram with ARDUINO is shown below.As shown in the circuit diagram, the module is connected to the +5V power supply or the ARDUINO UNO Vout pin. The module can operate on +5V regulated power and a higher voltage can damage the module. The I2C interface is defined as shown in the figure. All you need to do is connect the module SDA PIN to the ARDUINO SDA PIN and the module SCL PIN to the ARDUINO SCL.Although connecting to the BMP180 sensor module is easy to communicate with, it is not easy. The exchange of data between the ARDUINO controller and the module is really complex. Usually to send information to the module, or to receive information from it, we have to follow the protocol. This protocol is a sequence of steps that must be followed without error. These steps are complex for starters to follow. So it's ideal to use libraries that are pre-written for the module. The use of libraries makes communication easier. All you need to do is download and call these libraries in programs. Once the header file is included, the ARDUINO automatically follows the protocol and decodes the required data. Once this data is available, we can perform the desired functions.We can therefore use the BMP180 module easily by using the libraries.BMP180 Sensor ApplicationIndoor navigationSport devicesComputer PeripheralsGPSWeather forecastVertical velocity IndicationHobby projectsBMP180 Sensor PackageMeasurements in millimeterThat’s all for our introduction to BMP180. If you find this blog useful, please bookmark our website Apogeeweb, we will provide you with electronic component blogs, industry news, tools, etc. that you are interested in. Stay tuned for our next blog...Component DatasheetBMP180 DatasheetFAQWhat is BMP180?The BMP180 is the new digital barometric pressure sensor of Bosch Sensortec, with a very high performance, which enables applications in advanced mobile devices, such as smart phones, tablet PCs and sports devices.What Does Barometric Pressure Sensor Do?The barometric sensor, also commonly known as the barometric air pressure sensor (BAP), is a type of engine management sensor commonly found on many vehicles. It is responsible for measuring the atmospheric pressure of the environment that the vehicle is driving in. ... The BAP is similar to the engine MAP sensor.How Do I Connect My BMP180 to Arduino?Connections are fairly simple. Start by connecting VIN pin to the 5V output on the Arduino and connect GND to ground. Now we are remaining with the pins that are used for I2C communication. Note that each Arduino Board has different I2C pins which should be connected accordingly.How Do You Check a Barometric Pressure Sensor?The BARO sensor can be checked with a scan tool by comparing the scan tool read out to the local barometric reading. Standalone Ford sensors require a special tool to determine if the sensor is functioning properly. The ECM will set DTC P0105 when there is an open or short in the BARO circuit. 

The LM7171 is a high speed voltage feedback amplifier that has the slewing characteristic of a current feedback amplifier.CatalogProduct OverviewLM7171 Simplified Schematic DiagramLM7171 Package DimensionsLM7171 FeaturesLM7171 Slew RateComponent Selection and Feedback ResistorLM7171 Product AttributesLM7171 ApplicationsLM7171 Circuit OperationLM7171 Application CircuitsAlternate PartsComponent DatasheetUsing WarningsLM7171 ManufacturerProduct OverviewLM7171 Voltage Feedback AmplifierThe LM7171 is a true voltage feedback amplifier. It can be used in all traditional voltage feedback amplifier configurations. The LM7171 is stable for gains as low as +2 or −1. It provides a very high slew rate at 4100V/µs and a wide unity-gain bandwidth of 200 MHz while consuming only 6.5 mA of supply current. It is ideal for video and high speed signal processing applications such as HDSL and pulse amplifiers. With 100 mA output current, the LM7171 can be used for video distribution, as a transformer driver or as a laser diode driver.Operation on ±15V power supplies allows for large signal swings and provides greater dynamic range and signal-tonoise ratio. The LM7171 offers low SFDR and THD, ideal for ADC/DAC systems. In addition, the LM7171 is specified for ±5V operation for portable applications.The LM7171 is built on National’s advanced VIP™ III (Vertically integrated PNP) complementary bipolar process.LM7171 Simplified Schematic DiagramLM7171 Simplified Schematic DiagramLM7171 Package DimensionsLM7171 Package DimensionsLM7171 Features(Typical Unless Otherwise Noted)• Easy-to-use voltage feedback topology• Very high slew rate: 4100 V/µs• Wide unity-gain bandwidth: 200 MHz• −3 dB frequency @ AV = +2: 220 MHz• Low supply current: 6.5 mA• High open loop gain: 85 dB• High output current: 100 mA• Differential gain and phase: 0.01%, 0.02˚• Specified for ±15V and ±5V operationLM7171 Slew RateThe slew rate of LM7171 is determined by the current available to charge and discharge an internal high impedance node capacitor. This current is the differential input voltage divided by the total degeneration resistor RE. Therefore, the slew rate is proportional to the input voltage level, and the higher slew rates are achievable in the lower gain configurations. A curve of slew rate versus input voltage level is provided in the “Typical Performance Characteristics”.When a very fast large signal pulse is applied to the input of an amplifier, some overshoot or undershoot occurs. By placing an external resistor such as 1 kΩ in series with the input of LM7171, the bandwidth is reduced to help lower the overshoot.Component Selection and Feedback ResistorIt is important in high speed applications to keep all component leads short. For discrete components, choose carbon composition-type resistors and mica-type capacitors. Surface mount components are preferred over discrete components for minimum inductive effect.Large values of feedback resistors can couple with parasitic capacitance and cause undesirable effects such as ringing or oscillation in high speed amplifiers. For LM7171, a feedback resistor of 510Ω gives optimal performance.LM7171 Product AttributesSpecificationsValuesAmplifier TypeVoltage FeedbackGain Bandwidth220 MHzSlew Rate4.1 V/msInput Offset Voltage1 mVInput Bias Current10 uAAmplifiers1Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)105 dBPower Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR)90 dBVoltage Gain85 dBInput Voltage Noise Density14 nV/√HzOutput Current per Channel105 mASupply Current8.5 mASingle Supply Voltage Min.5.5 VSingle Supply Voltage Max.36 VDual Supply Voltage Min.2.75 VDual Supply Voltage Max.18 VOperating Temperature Min.-40 °COperating Temperature Max.85 °CPackage TypeSOICPins8Mounting TypeSurface MountMSLLevel-1PackagingTubeLength5 mmWidth4 mmHeight1.5 mmPower Supply TypeDual/SingleReflow Temperature(Max)260 °CLow-BiasNoJESD-30 CodeR-PDSO-G8JESD-609 Codee0Rohs CodeNoRisk Rank5.25Package Description0.150 INCH, SOIC-8LM7171 ApplicationsHDSL and ADSL drivers• Multimedia broadcast systems• Professional video cameras• Video amplifiers• Copiers/scanners/fax• HDTV amplifiers• Pulse amplifiers and peak detectors• CATV/fiber optics signal processingLM7171 Circuit OperationThe class AB input stage in LM7171 is fully symmetrical and has a similar slewing characteristic to the current feedback amplifiers. In the LM7171 Simplified Schematic, Q1 through Q4 form the equivalent of the current feedback input buffer, RE the equivalent of the feedback resistor, and stage A buffers the inverting input. The triple-buffered output stage isolates the gain stage from the load to provide low output impedance.LM7171 Application CircuitsCompensating for Input Capacitance Power Supply Bypassing Fast Instrumentation Amplifier Multivibrator Pulse Width Modulator Video Line DriverAlternate Parts✔️LMV932MA, JL148BZA, LPV358MMX, LM4250CM, CLC400AJ-MLS/NOPB, LM324J/NOPB, LM101AH, LM7171AMWG-QML, LM7372IMA, LF353N✔️LM6171 vs LM7171 vs LM6172Component DatasheetLM7171 PDFUsing WarningsPlease check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit.LM7171 ManufacturerTexas Instruments Inc. (TI) is an American technology company that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globally. Its headquarters are in Dallas, Texas, United States. TI is one of the top ten semiconductor companies worldwide, based on sales volume. Texas Instruments's focus is on developing analog chips and embedded processors, which accounts for more than 80% of their revenue. TI also produces TI digital light processing (DLP) technology and education technology products including calculators, microcontrollers and multi-core processors. To date, TI has more than 43,000 patents worldwide.

The LM6172 is a Dual High Speed Voltage Feedback Amplifier. It is unity-gain stable and provides excellent DC and AC performance.CatalogProduct OverviewLM6172 Simplified SchematicLM6172 FeaturesLM6172 Package OutlineLM6172 Package DimensionsLM6172 Board Layout ExampleLM6172 Stencil Design ExampleLM6172 Performance DiscussionLM6172 Circuit OperationLM6172 Slew Rate CharacteristicReducing Settling TimeLM6172 Product AttributesLM6172 ApplicationsLM6172 Application CircuitsAlternate PartsComponent DatasheetLM6172 vs LM6172 MDRUsing WarningsLM6172 ManufacturerProduct OverviewLM6172 Voltage Feedback AmplifierLM6172 offers high performance in dual amplifiers; yet it only consumes 2.3mA of supply current each channel. It operates on ±15V power supply for systems requiring large voltage swings, such as ADSL, scanners and ultrasound equipment. It is also specified at ±5V power supply for low voltage applications such as portable video systems. The LM6172 is built with National’s advanced VIP™ III (Vertically Integrated PNP) complementary bipolar process.LM6172 Simplified SchematicLM6172 Amplifier Simplified SchematicLM6172 Features• (Typical Unless Otherwise Noted)• Easy to Use Voltage Feedback Topology• High Slew Rate 3000V/μs• Wide Unity-Gain Bandwidth 100MHz• Low Supply Current 2.3mA/Channel• High Output Current 50mA/channel• Specified for ±15V and ±5V OperationLM6172 Package OutlineSOIC - 1.75mm (max)LM6172 Package DimensionsPackage DimensionsLM6172 Board Layout ExampleLM6172 Land Pattern ExampleLM6172 Stencil Design ExampleLM6172 Stencil Design ExampleLM6172 Performance DiscussionThe LM6172 is a dual high-speed, low power, voltage feedback amplifier. It is unity-gain stable and offers outstanding performance with only 2.3mA of supply current per channel. The combination of 100MHz unity-gain bandwidth, 3000V/μs slew rate, 50mA per channel output current and other attractive features makes it easy to implement the LM6172 in various applications. Quiescent power of the LM6172 is 138mW operating at ±15V supply and 46mW at ±5V supply.LM6172 Circuit OperationThe class AB input stage in LM6172 is fully symmetrical and has a similar slewing characteristic to the current feedback amplifiers. In Figure 42, Q1 through Q4 form the equivalent of the current feedback input buffer, RE the equivalent of the feedback resistor, and stage A buffers the inverting input. The triple-buffered output stage isolates the gain stage from the load to provide low output impedance.LM6172 Slew Rate CharacteristicThe slew rate of LM6172 is determined by the current available to charge and discharge an internal high impedance node capacitor. This current is the differential input voltage divided by the total degeneration resistor RE. Therefore, the slew rate is proportional to the input voltage level, and the higher slew rates are achievable in the lower gain configurations.When a very fast large signal pulse is applied to the input of an amplifier, some overshoot or undershoot occurs. By placing an external series resistor such as 1kΩ to the input of LM6172, the slew rate is reduced to help lower the overshoot, which reduces settling time.Reducing Settling TimeThe LM6172 has a very fast slew rate that causes overshoot and undershoot. To reduce settling time on LM6172, a 1kΩ resistor can be placed in series with the input signal to decrease slew rate. A feedback capacitor can also be used to reduce overshoot and undershoot. This feedback capacitor serves as a zero to increase the stability of the amplifier circuit. A 2pF feedback capacitor is recommended for initial evaluation. When the LM6172 is configured as a buffer, a feedback resistor of 1kΩ must be added in parallel to the feedback capacitor. Another possible source of overshoot and undershoot comes from capacitive load at the output.LM6172 Product AttributesSpecificationsValuesArchitectureVoltage FBNumber of channels (#)2Total supply voltage (Min) (+5V=5, +/-5V=10)5.5Total supply voltage (Max) (+5V=5, +/-5V=10)36GBW (Typ) (MHz)100BW @ Acl (MHz)160Acl, min spec gain (V/V)1Slew rate (Typ) (V/us)3000Vn at flatband (Typ) (nV/rtHz)12Vn at 1 kHz (Typ) (nV/rtHz)12Iq per channel (Typ) (mA)2.3Vos (offset voltage @ 25 C) (Max) (mV)1.5Rail-to-railNoRatingCatalogOperating temperature range (C)-40 to 85CMRR (Typ) (dB)110Input bias current (Max) (pA)1500000Offset drift (Typ) (uV/C)6Output current (Typ) (mA)852nd harmonic (dBc)503rd harmonic (dBc)50Lead FreeLead FreeRadiation HardeningNoRoHSCompliantLM6172 Applications• Scanner I-to-V Converters• ADSL/HDSL Drivers • Multimedia Broadcast Systems• Video Amplifiers • NTSC, PAL and SECAM Systems• ADC/DAC Buffers• Pulse Amplifiers and Peak DetectorsLM6172 Application CircuitsIsolation Resistor Used to Drive Capacitive Load Compensating for Input Capacitance Power Supply Bypassing Differential Line DriverAlternate PartsLM6172AMWG-QML, LM6172AMGWRLQV, LM6172IN/NOPBComponent DatasheetLM6172 PDFLM6172 vs LM6172 MDRSpecificationsLM6172LM6172 MDRRohs CodeYes*Part Life Cycle CodeActiveObsoleteIhs ManufacturerTEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCTEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCPart Package CodeDIESOICPackage DescriptionDIESOPReach Compliance CodeCompliantUnknownECCN CodeEAR99EAR99HTS Code8542.33.00.018542.33.00.01ArchitectureVOLTAGE-FEEDBACK*Average Bias Current-Max (IIB)2.5 µA*Bias Current-Max (IIB) @25C2.5 µA*Common-mode Reject Ratio-Min70 dB*Common-mode Reject Ratio-Nom110 dB*Input Offset Voltage-Max1500 µV*JESD-30 CodeX-XUUC-NR-CDSO-G16Moisture Sensitivity Level11Neg Supply Voltage Limit-Max-18 V*Neg Supply Voltage-Nom (Vsup)-5 V*Number of Functions21Operating Temperature-Max125 °C85 °COperating Temperature-Min85 °C-55 °CPackage Body MaterialUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDPackage CodeDIESOPPackage ShapeUNSPECIFIEDRECTANGULARPackage StyleUNCASED CHIPSMALL OUTLINEScreening LevelMIL-PRF-38535 Class V*Slew Rate-Nom3000 V/us*Supply Current-Max6 mA*Supply Voltage Limit-Max18 V36 VSupply Voltage-Nom (Vsup)5 V55 VSurface MountYESYESTechnologyBIPOLARBIPOLARTemperature GradeMILITARYINDUSTRIALTerminal FormNO LEADGULL WINGTerminal PositionUPPER*Total Dose100k Rad(Si) V*Using WarningsPlease be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.LM6172 ManufacturerTexas Instruments Incorporated is an American technology company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globally.

In today's blog, we are going to discuss 2n2222's pinout, applications, equivalents, example circuits and where and how to use this device, etc. Hope this blog is helpful to you. 2N2222 is the most common NPN bipolar junction transistor available in the market. It can be used for amplification of analog signals as well as switching applications. The major functional area of 2N-2222 is enclosed in a TO-18 package. It is most common in the market due to the cost efficiency and the smaller size. Catalog2N2222 Pinout2N2222 Features/Specifications2N2222 Applications2N2222 PNP Complementary2N2222 VS 2N2222A2N2222 Functional Equivalents2N2222 Package2N2222 Example CircuitsWhere and How to Use 2N2222How to Safely Long Run 2N2222 in a Circuit2N2222 Popularity by Region2N2222 ManufacturerComponent DatasheetFAQ2N2222 Pinout Pin NumberPin NameDescription1BaseControls the biasing of transistor2CollectorCurrent flows in through collector3EmitterCurrent Drains out through emitter2N2222 Features/SpecificationsAttributeAttribute ValueCurrent-Collector-Cutoff-Max:10nA (ICBO)DC-Current-Gain-hFE-Min-Ic-Vce:100 @ 150mA, 10VPower-Max:500mWFrequency-Transition:300MHzMounting-Type:Through HolePackage-Case:TO-206AA, TO-18-3 Metal CanSupplier-Device-Package:TO-18Mounting-Style:Through HoleTransistor-Polarity:NPNConfiguration:SingleCollector-Emitter-Voltage-VCEO-Max:40 VCollector-Base-Voltage-VCBO:75 VEmitter-Base-Voltage-VEBO:6 VCollector-Emitter-Saturation-Voltage:1 VMaximum-DC-Collector-Current:0.8 AGain-Bandwidth-Product-fT:300 MHzMaximum-Operating-Temperature:+ 150 CDC-Collector-Base-Gain-hfe-Min:35Minimum-Operating-Temperature:- 65 CPd-Power-Dissipation:0.4 WPart-Aliases:BK2N2222 ApplicationsAudio PreamplifiersAudio Amplifier StagesSwitching many loads at the same time (Thanks to its 600mA output in a small TO-92 package)Darlington PairsRF CircuitsSensor Circuits2N2222 PNP ComplementaryPNP Complementary of 2N2222 is 2N29072N2222 VS 2N2222ALike 2N2222, 2N2222A is also an NPN transistor. Down below is the feature differences between them.  2N22222N2222AReach Compliance Codenot_compliantcompliantHTS Code8541.21.00.758541.21.00.75Case ConnectionCOLLECTOR Collector Current-Max (IC)0.8 A0.6 ACollector-Emitter Voltage-Max30 V40 VConfigurationSINGLESINGLEDC Current Gain-Min (hFE)5040JEDEC-95 CodeTO-18TO-92JESD-30 CodeO-MBCY-W3O-PBCY-W3Number of Elements11Number of Terminals33Operating Temperature-Max175 °C150 °CPackage Body MaterialMETALPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage ShapeROUNDROUNDPackage StyleCYLINDRICALCYLINDRICALPeak Reflow Temperature (Cel)NOT SPECIFIEDNOT SPECIFIEDPolarity/Channel TypeNPNNPNPower Dissipation-Max (Abs)0.5 W Qualification StatusNot QualifiedNot QualifiedSurface MountNONOTerminal FormWIREWIRETerminal PositionBOTTOMBOTTOMTime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)NOT SPECIFIEDNOT SPECIFIEDTransistor ApplicationSWITCHING Transistor Element MaterialSILICONSILICONTransition Frequency-Nom (fT)250 MHz250 MHzBase Number Matches61Pbfree Code  YesPart Package Code TO-92Package Description ROHS COMPLIANT, PLASTIC PACKAGE-3Pin Count 3Operating Temperature-Min -55 °C Speaking of which, there is another ic that similar and easy to confused with 2N2222, that is PN2222/P2N2222. As a replacements for the 2N2222, they are commonly available in the cheaper TO-92 packaging, which has similar specifications except for the lower maximum collector current. And their biggest difference is their pinout, as showned in the figure below:  So, you should be careful when using P2N2222A as a substitude of 2N2222A in your circuit.2N2222 Functional EquivalentsPart NumberDescriptionManufacturer2N2222{TAPE-REEL}TRANSISTORSTRANSISTOR Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-18, BIP General Purpose Small SignalNXP Semiconductors2N2222G4TRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.8A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-206AA, HERMETIC SEALED, METAL, TO-18, 3 PINTT Electronics Resistors2N2222{AMMOPAK}TRANSISTORSTRANSISTOR Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-18, BIP General Purpose Small SignalNXP Semiconductors2N2222CECCTRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.8A I(C), 40V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-18, TO-18, 3 PINTT Electronics Resistors2N2222LEADFREETRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.8A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-18,Central Semiconductor CorpJTXV2N2222TRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.8A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-206AA, CASE 22-03, TO-18, 3 PINCRYSTALONICS IncJTX2N2222TRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.8A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-206AA, CASE 22-03, TO-18, 3 PINCRYSTALONICS Inc2N2222 PackageTO-18 Package Mechanical Data TO-18 Package Dimension 2N2222 Example Circuits LED Controlling ExampleIn this example circuit, we attach a push-button with a base terminal. 5 volts with collector terminal through 220ohm resistor.Connect an LED with an emitter terminal through a 220-ohm resistor. By mistake, 10kΩ used as a current limiting resistor with an LED.If you use 10kΩ LED will not glow when you turn on the switch due to low current passing through the LED.10kΩ resistor will limit the current below the forward current requires to turn on an LED.Also, use a 220Ω resistor between the switch and base terminal.Now, if you apply a 5 volts logic at base input, you will see LED glowing. Otherwise, it will remain off. Example of Interfacing DC motor as a switch using ArduinoIn this example, a 2N2222 NPN transistor is used in common emitter configuration mode. This circuit controls a dc motor through a transistor that is used as a switch. We can use Arduino Uno or any microcontroller to control this circuit.  The working of this circuit is exactly the same as you have seen in the last section except dc motor is used.Where and How to Use 2N2222Due to its good features,  2N2222 can be used in wide variety of electronic projects, the large 600mA collector current makes this transistor ideal to be used in your electronic projects to control relays, high power LEDs, other high power transistors and ICs at the same time. 2N2222 can also be used to amplify audio signals,  for example,  it can be used in audio preamplifier stages and also in audio amplifier stages. It can also be used as a small audio amplifier or to drive a small speaker in electronic projects.How to Safely Long Run 2N2222 in a CircuitIf you want to get best performance with 2N2222 transistor,  you should not drive load more than 600mA, the collector-emitter voltage of the transistor must in under 40V, and use a suitable base resistor which provides the required current at the base of the transistor, what's more, do not store or operate the transistor below -55 centigrade and above +150 centigrade.2N2222 Popularity by Region2N2222 ManufacturerSTMicroelectronics N.V. is an independent semiconductor company that designs, develops, manufactures and markets a range of semiconductor products used in a variety of microelectronic applications, including automotive products, computer peripherals, telecommunications systems, consumer products, industrial automation and control systems. Its segments include Automotive, Consumer, Computer and Communication Infrastructure (ACCI); Industrial and Multisegment Sector (IMS), and Wireless.Component Datasheet2N2222 DatasheetFAQWhat is 2N2222 Transistor?The 2N2222 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) used for general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. It is designed for low to medium current, low power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It was originally made in the TO-18 metal package.What is the difference between 2n2222 and 2n2222a?Both parts are about the same. The 2n2222A is a slight bit better in terms of Vceo, Vcbo, Vebo. But if you are not planning on stressing the part (higher voltages, etc) both will work well, especially for simple switching and logic circuits. The 2n2222 part is the older style part which might be the reason they are being offered at a low price.Can we use bc547 instead of 2n2222?Yes, you can use it if the load has not more than 100ma current load. BC547 transistor has capacity to handle Collector current (Ic) load not more than 100ma. ... Pin configuration of BC547 is also different as compared with 2N2222. Pin configuration of both transistor is reverse (middle pin of both are Base).What does a transistor do?What is a transistor? A transistor, also known as a BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor), is a current driven semiconductor device which can be used to control the flow of electric current in which a small amount of current in the Base lead controls a larger current between the Collector and Emitter.Is 2n2222 PNP or NPN?Part numbers. The 2N2222 (NPN) and 2N2907 (PNP) are complementary transistor pairs.How can we use 2n2222 transistor as a switch?How do I choose the right transistor?Choosing a Suitable PNP or NPN Transistor SwitchThe transistor'smaximum collector current must be greater than the load current.The transistor'smaximum current gain must be at least 5 times the load current divided by the maximum output current from the IC. Choose a transistor which meets the requirements and making a note of its properties.What is the difference between transistor and amplifier?In this sense, an amplifier modulates the output of the power supply to make the output signal stronger than the input signal. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power.What are the 2 main uses of transistor?Transistors are commonly used in digital circuits as electronic switches which can be either in an "on" or "off" state, both for high-power applications such as switched-mode power supplies and for low-power applications such as logic gates.What can replace an transistor?Transistors that are used as switches may, in some cases, be replaced with relays, physical switches, or even light-sensitive resistors, etc. For logic circuits and digital switching, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) devices may be used to route light beams in an integrated circuit package. 

LM311N is a Differential Voltage Comparator that have low input currents with strobes. Here introducres its datasheet, pinout and appliaction circuits.CatalogProduct OverviewLM311N CAD ModelsLM311N Package DimensionsBoard Layout Example Stencil Design ExampleLM311N Schematic DiagramLM311N FeaturesLM311N Product AttributesLM311N ApplicationsLM311N Application CircuitsAlternate PartsComponent DatasheetLM311N vs LM311PUsing WarningsLM311N ManufacturerProduct OverviewThe LM311N are also designed to operate over a wide range of supply voltages: from standard ±15V operational amplifier supplies down to the single +5V supply used for IC logic. Their output is compatible with RTL-DTL and TTL as well as MOS circuits and can switch voltages up to +50V at output currents as high as 50mA.LM311N CAD ModelsLM311N CAD ModelsLM311N Package DimensionsLM311N DIP8 Package LM311N SO-8 PackageBoard Layout Example LM311N Land Pattern Example LM311N Solder Mask DetailsStencil Design ExampleLM311N Solder Paste ExampleLM311N Schematic DiagramLM311N Comparator Schematic DiagramLM311N Features• Maximum input current: 150nA• Maximum offset current: 20nA• Differential input voltage range: ±30V• Power consumption:135mW at ±15V• Supply voltage: +5V to ±15V• Output current: 50mALM311N Product AttributesSpecificationsValuesCase/PackagePlastic, DIP-8MountThrough HoleNumber of Pins8Input Bias Current250 nAInput Offset Voltage (Vos)7.5 mVJESD-30 CodeR-PDIP-T8JESD-609 Codee0Max Dual Supply Voltage15 VMax Input Current250 nAMax Operating Temperature70 °CMax Power Dissipation1.25 WMax Supply Current6 mAMax Supply Voltage30 VMin Dual Supply Voltage2.5 VMin Operating Temperature0 °CMin Supply Voltage5 VNominal Supply Current7.5 mANumber of Channels1Number of Circuits1Number of Elements1Operating Supply Voltage28 VOutput Current50 mAOutput Current per Channel200 pAOutput TypeTTLPower Dissipation1.25 WPropagation Delay200 nsQuiescent Current7.5 mAResponse Time200 nsTypeGeneral PurposeVoltage Gain106.02 dBHeight3.3 mmLength9.8 mmWidth7.1 mmLead FreeLead FreeRadiation HardeningNoREACH SVHCNo SVHCRoHSCompliantLM311N Applications• Precision squarer• Positive/negative peak detector• Low voltage adjustable reference supply• Switching power amplifierLM311N Application CircuitsZero Detector Driving MOS Logic Detector for Magnetic Transducer TTL Interface with High Level LogicAlternate PartsLM311NG, LM311J, LM311N8, LM311JG4, LM311JG, LM311V, LM311J8, LM311N/NOPBComponent DatasheetLM311N PDFLM311N vs LM311PSpecificationsLM311NLM311PRohs CodeNoYesPart Life Cycle CodeTransferredActiveIhs ManufacturerPHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORSTEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCPackage DescriptionDIP, DIP8,.3DIP, DIP8,.3Reach Compliance CodeUnknownCompliantECCN CodeEAR99EAR99HTS Code8542.39.00.018542.39.00.01Amplifier TypeCOMPARATORCOMPARATORBias Current-Max (IIB) @25C0.25 µA0.25 µAInput Offset Voltage-Max7500 µV10000 µVJESD-30 CodeR-PDIP-T8R-PDIP-T8JESD-609 Codee0e4Neg Supply Voltage-Nom (Vsup)-15 V-15 VNumber of Functions11Number of Terminals88Operating Temperature-Max70 °C70 °COperating Temperature-Min**Package Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage CodeDIPDIPPackage Equivalence CodeDIP8,.3DIP8,.3Package ShapeRECTANGULARRECTANGULARPackage StyleIN-LINEIN-LINEPower Supplies+-15 V+-15 VQualification StatusNot QualifiedNot QualifiedResponse Time-Nom200 ns115 nsSupply Current-Max7.5 mA7.5 mASupply Voltage-Nom (Vsup)15 V15 VSurface MountNONOTechnologyBIPOLARBIPOLARTemperature GradeCOMMERCIALCOMMERCIALTerminal FinishTin/Lead (Sn/Pb)Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)Terminal FormTHROUGH-HOLETHROUGH-HOLETerminal Pitch2.54 mm2.54 mmTerminal PositionDUALDUALBase Number Matches181Source Content uid*LM311PPbfree Code* YesPart Package Code*DIPPin Count*8Factory Lead Time*6 WeeksSamacsys Description*Single comparator,LM311P 165ns DIP8 LM311P, Comparator Open Collector/Emitter 0.165μs 12 V, 15 V, 18 V, 24 V, 28 V, 5 V, 9 V 8-Pin PDIPSamacsys Manufacturer*Texas InstrumentsAverage Bias Current-Max (IIB)*0.3 µALength*9.59 mmNeg Supply Voltage Limit-Max*-18 VOutput Type*OPEN-COLLECTOR/OPEN-EMITTERPacking Method*TUBEPeak Reflow Temperature (Cel)*NOT SPECIFIEDSeated Height-Max*5.08 mmSupply Voltage Limit-Max*18 VTime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)*NOT SPECIFIEDWidth*7.62 mmUsing WarningsPlease check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit.LM311N ManufacturerTexas Instruments Inc. (TI) is an American technology company that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globally. Its headquarters are in Dallas, Texas, United States. TI is one of the top ten semiconductor companies worldwide, based on sales volume. Texas Instruments's focus is on developing analog chips and embedded processors, which accounts for more than 80% of their revenue. TI also produces TI digital light processing (DLP) technology and education technology products including calculators, microcontrollers and multi-core processors. To date, TI has more than 43,000 patents worldwide.

Product OverviewThe TIP32C is a silicon Epitaxial-base PNP power transistor in Jedec TO-220 plastic package. It is intended for use in medium power linear and switching applications. The complementary NPN type is TIP31C.This blog will introduce TIP32C systematically from its features, pinout to its equivalents, application, also including where and how to use this component and so much more. CatalogProduct OverviewTIP32C FeaturesTIP32C PinoutsTIP32C CAD ModelsTIP32C Replacement and EquivalentWhere We Can Use TIP32C & How to UseHow to Safely Long Run TIP32C in a CircuitTIP32C ApplicationsTIP32C SpecificationTIP32C VS TIP36CTIP32C DatasheetTIP32C ManufacturerUsing WarningsTIP32C FAQ TIP32C FeaturesCollector-Emitter Saturation Voltage       - VCE(sat) = 1.2 Vdc (Max) @ IC = 3.0 AdcCollector-Emitter Sustaining Voltage      -VCEO(sus) = 60 Vdc (min) - TIP31A, TIP32A      =80 Vdc (min) - TIP31B, TIP32B      =100 Vdc (min) - TIP31C, TIP32CHigh Current Gain Bandwidth Product      fT = 3.0 MHz (min) @ IC = 500 mAdcCompact TO-220 AB PackagePb-Free Packages are Available TIP32C PinoutsFollowing are TIP32C Pinouts. TIP32C Pinouts TIP32C CAD ModelsFollowings are TIP32C Symbol, Footprint, and 3D Model. TIP32C Symbol TIP32C Footprint TIP32C 3D Model TIP32C Replacement and EquivalentTIP32C transistor nearest possible equivalents are CJF32C, TIP32D, BD582, BD592, BDT32C 2N6475 2N6476, 2SB1016, MJE30C, MJE32C, MJE5195, NSP582, NSP5195, RCA30C, RCA32C, TIP62A, TIP62B, TIP62C, 2SB761B, 2SB762B, 2SB860, 2SB869, 2SB945, BD242C, BD540C, BD954, ECG292. Additionally, if the load you are driving is under 40V or 80V then you can also use exact match transistors which are TIP32A, TIP32B, these are the exact same replacement but in lower voltages like TIP32A can drive loads under 60V and TIP32B can drive loads under 80V. Where We Can Use TIP32C & How to UseTIP32C can be used in many general applications. When used as a switch it is capable to drive 3A load therefore it can be used to drive DC motors, LEDs, relays, bulbs, and also at the output of Arduino, raspberry pi, and other platforms. Other than that it can also be used for much general audios and other signal amplification requirements. How to Safely Long Run TIP32C in a CircuitHTo get long-life performance from the TIP32C transistor, do not drive load more than 3A and 100V (The rule of thumb is always stay 20% below the maximum ratings). Always use a suitable heatsink, the collector is also connected with the metal tab therefore care must be taken when using in your design or circuit that the metal tab would not touch any other connection or else it can short or damage the transistor. And always store or operate in temperature between -65 centigrade to +150 centigrade. TIP32C ApplicationsSeparate Audio AmplifierAudio Amplifier StagesFor Handling 3A LoadDC Motors Driver and ControllerDarlington PairsOutput of Arduino, Raspberry Pi and other Electronic Platforms TIP32C SpecificationProduct AttributeAttribute ValueManufacturer:STMicroelectronicsProduct Category:Bipolar Transistors - BJTMounting Style:Through HolePackage / Case:TO-220-3Transistor Polarity:PNPConfiguration:SingleCollector- Emitter Voltage VCEO Max:100 VCollector- Base Voltage VCBO:- 100 VEmitter- Base Voltage VEBO:- 5 VCollector-Emitter Saturation Voltage:- 1.2 VMaximum DC Collector Current:3 APd - Power Dissipation:40 WGain Bandwidth Product fT:3 MHzMinimum Operating Temperature:- 65 CMaximum Operating Temperature:+ 150 CSeries:TIP32CPackaging:TubeHeight:9.15 mmLength:10.4 mmTechnology:SiWidth:4.6 mmBrand:STMicroelectronicsContinuous Collector Current:3 AProduct Type:BJTs - Bipolar TransistorsSubcategory:TransistorsUnit Weight:0.211644 oz TIP32C VS TIP36C TIP32C TIP36CPart Life Cycle CodeActiveTransferredIhs ManufacturerMICRO COMMERCIAL COMPONENTSMOTOROLA INCPart Package CodeTO-220AB Package DescriptionPLASTIC, TO-220, 3 PINFLANGE MOUNT, R-PSFM-T3Pin Count3 Reach Compliance CodecompliantunknownECCN CodeEAR99EAR99Collector Current-Max (IC)3 A25 ACollector-Emitter Voltage-Max100 V100 VConfigurationSINGLESINGLEDC Current Gain-Min (hFE)1015JEDEC-95 CodeTO-220ABTO-218ACJESD-30 CodeR-PSFM-T3R-PSFM-T3JESD-609 Codee0e0Moisture Sensitivity Level1 Number of Elements11Number of Terminals33Package Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage ShapeRECTANGULARRECTANGULARPackage StyleFLANGE MOUNTFLANGE MOUNTPeak Reflow Temperature (Cel)NOT SPECIFIED Polarity/Channel TypePNPPNPQualification StatusNot QualifiedNot QualifiedSurface MountNONOTerminal FinishTin/Lead (Sn/Pb)Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)Terminal FormTHROUGH-HOLETHROUGH-HOLETerminal PositionSINGLESINGLETime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)NOT SPECIFIED Transistor Element MaterialSILICONSILICONTransition Frequency-Nom (fT)3 MHz3 MHzBase Number Matches5425 TIP32C DatasheetTIP32C Datasheet TIP32C ManufacturerSTMicroelectronics is the result of the 1987 marriage between famed semiconductor companies SGS Microelettronica of Italy and Thomson-CSF Semiconductor of France. On the process side ST is leading the way with advanced FD-SOI (Fully Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator) technology. Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. TIP32C FAQ① What is the work of PNP transistor?The PNP transistor is a type of transistor in which one n-type material is doped with two p-type materials. It is a device that is controlled by the current. Both the emitter and collector currents were controlled by the small amount of base current. Two crystal diodes are connected back-to-back in the PNP transistor. ② Can I use TIP31C instead of TIP32C?In such a case the output of the sensor is normally low and becomes high when the hand is detected so in such a case you will have to use a NPN transistor like TIP31C instead of TIP32C. ③ Where are PNP transistors used?PNP transistors are used in amplification circuits. PNP transistors are used in Darlington pair circuits. PNP transistors are used in robotic applications. PNP transistors to control current flow in heavy applications. ④ What is the function of TIP32C transistor?The TIP32 is a PNP Power transistor. Since it has high collector current of about 2A it can be used for Power switching or large signal amplification. The transistor is mainly known for its high amplification capacity since 2A is not much of a higher capacity. ⑤ What is the operating junction temperature of tip32c?Operating Junction Temperature (Tj): 150 °C