The Kynix Blog

ABOUT KNYIX OverviewKynix Semiconductor HongKong Limited was founded in 2008, which specializes in electronic components distribution business. With an experienced research and development,sales and management team, we have gradually established an excellent reputation and credibility in our international business. As our business philosophy, honesty and ethics are always in the first place when we serve our customers. For the accurate quotation, excellent credit, reasonable price, reliable quality, fast delivery, authentic service, we have won favorable comments of our customers.After years of steady development, Kynix has established good relationships of cooperation with well-known brand agents and manufacturers in Japan, Korea and some western countries (LG,INTEL,Foxconn,etc.). Also we have stable and good supply channels. At the meanwhile, we attach great importance to relationships with  everyone in this field, and cherish every opportunity of cooperation and sharing. Company profile Company nameKynix Semiconductor HongKong LimitedYear Established2008Area of BusinessElectronic components distributionAddress of companyFlat 08,4/F Shing Yip Ind Bldg,19,19-21 Shing Yip Street Kwun Tongkowloon Hong KongProductsOptical devices, embedded systems, semiconductors, circuit protection components, passive components, connectors, sensors, etc.ServicesOffering over 60 days after-sales services  Development History   Kynix’s Advantages    ·Our Operation SystemStrong enterprise management system, high intelligent procurement system, super stable order system, strong warehouse management system, professional inspection technology of professional shipment,convenient and efficient delivering system, applicable to PC/mobile devices. We are pleasure to serve for over 9000 clients around the world. We have spend 13 years to meet the needs from our worldwide clients and satisfy them, so we know clearly about the importance of safe delivery, timely after-sales service and  intimate service.           ·Warehouse ManagementWe strictly comply with the warehouse management rules. By implementing ERP system, we master the warehouse data accurately, which fundamentally ensure the accuracy and unity of actual operation, delivery status and the backend database.  At the same time, it further improves the working efficiency and accomplishes the scientific management of the warehouse.   Corporate Culture  Kynix is constantly committed to constructing a strong corporate culture and sharing its prosperity with all of its employees. Kynix is devoted to carrying out its core corporate culture of “honesty, efficiency and reliability”, adhering to the development concept of its quality culture under the theme of human-nurturing before goods-building and earnestness, etc. Close cooperation among departments plays a key role in a company’s operation. To ensure that all of our customers can get reliable and efficient service promptly, Kynix sales department always pays high attention to each RFQ sent by our customers and proceeds it in the first place. Our purchasing department is responsible for goods purchasing and quality assurance. Every staff in Kynix is trying their best to do their jobs well, which makes our company better and better.   Customers’ Reviews With the good cooperation, Kynix won a lot of praise from our customers. Follows are some reviews from them. “Both price and goods is suitable for my design! The seller’s service is really good! Anyway, I am indeed content with shopping of this time. Recommending Kynix strongly to everyone who wants to purchase electronic components.”——Nikita Silva “About one year ago I ordered a first shipment of parts from Kynix, so I′m giving a long-therm evaluation here. Kynix in my opinion is a reputable, professional supplier with great pricing, communication, care taking/handling and reassurance that no fake-parts are sold. I am very confident in their service and I′m currently preparing another shipment of same size......”——Florian Poeschko “Great seller, the best service.Very pleasant to deal business with such company.”——Crystal Ling “I placed a trial order in Kynix Semiconductor’s website, and I received the parts.They are all good and well packaged. The service is also excellent. I think I will but again!”——Madele “This is my second order. I got an excellent service and the delivery is very fast. I am very satisfied. Thank you.”——Gustavo “I am a regular customer of Kynix Semiconductor. After years of purchasing components here, I have to say these good points about it. And these are the reason why I want to recommend Kynix if you want to buy components for your design. Items: Standard, hard-to-get and long obsolete components like - Transistors (e.g. Sanyo 2SK44, Fairchild FQPF11P06) - Diodes (e.g. Rohm 1S2473, Toshiba 1S1588) - Integrated circuits (e.g. National Semiconductors LM308)  Quotation: The quotation (pre-buy) was turned around fast, it was accurate and clear (including shipping costs). Several parts needed communication on my behalf with a sales assistant who was able to answer every question I had (e.g. is component definitely from the manufacturer I specified, can I see another picture, etc.). All my necessities we′re met and all components/manufacturers could be found. Pictures were sent for confirmation where needed and matched parts sent.  Parts: After working with the parts over the past year I can say they are all of genuine brand/manufacturer and I haven′t yet had a single defective component.  Packaging: All parts were sent in sealed soft-bags/hard batch-casings and accurately labelled (part number, manufacturer and amount). Bags can be opened and sealed again which makes them great for both storage and regular use.  Shipment: The whole shipment was packed carefully and no damage to any parts. It was delivered faster as expected and customs were taken care of hassle-free. The cost was very reasonable.  Pricing: The pricing was excellent especially with greater amounts which was why I could purchase a greater amount for surplus (In some instances several hundreds of them.) I feel really good with their good quality and excellent service. Hope this evaluation can help you!”——Pinellis Sam   Kynix’s ProspectIn 2015, Kynix Semiconductor’s annual value of production had reached $50 million. And our partners in electronics field increased to 700 in 2016. Now the Chinese version of Kynix website is moving ahead and will be launched soon. ContactIf you want to know more about Kynix Semiconductor and our products, please view our website! Or you can contact us through our email: info@kynix.com. Come and buy good products at lower price from us! 

LM4910LQ belonging to the Boomer series of National Semiconductors is an integrated stereo amplifier primarily intended for stereo headphone applications. The IC can be operated from 3.3V ans its can deliver 0.35mW output power into a 32 ohm load. The LM4910LQ has very low distortion ( less than 1%)   and the shutdown current is less than 1uA. This low shut down current makes it suitable for battery operated applications. The IC is so designed that there is no need of the output coupling capacitors, half supply by-pass capacitors and bootstrap capacitors. Other features of the IC are   turn ON/OFF click elimination, externally programmable gain etc. Stereo headphone amplifier LM4910LQCircuit diagram of the LM4910LQ stereo headphone amplifier is shown above.C1 and C2 are the input DC decoupling capacitors for the left and right input channels. R1 and R2 are the respective input resistors. R3 is the feed back resistor for left channel while R4 is the feed back resistor for the right channel. C3 is the power supply filter capacitor. The feedback resistors also sets the closed loop gain in conjunction with the corresponding input resistors. Notes:The IC is available only  in SMD packages and care must be taken while soldering.The circuit can be powered from anything between 2.2V to 5V DC.The load can be a 32 ohm headphone.Absolute maximum supply voltage is 6V  and anything above it will destroy the IC.A logic low voltage at the shutdown pins shut downs the IC and a logic high voltage at the same pin activates the IC. 

Ⅰ Introduction RFID is a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically recognize and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system is composed of a small radio transponder, a radio receiver, and a radio transmitter. Catalog Ⅰ Introduction Ⅱ RFID Related Video: Ⅲ RFID Chip 3.1 WHAT IS RFID? 3.2 HOW DOES RFID WORK? 3.3 What Are the Types of RFID Systems  ? Ⅳ RFID Tags 4.1 Definition of RFID Tags 4.2 How RFID Tags Work？ 4.3 Examples of RFID Tags Ⅴ What Does (RFID Reader) Mean? 5.1 What exactly is an RFID Reader  ? 5.2 Readers Types Ⅵ Blocking Wallet 6.1 What Is an RFID-Blocking Wallet? 6.2 How Do RFID-Blocking Wallets Work? 6.3 The 5 Best RFID-Blocking Wallets Ⅶ RFID Asset Tracking  7.1 What Is RFID Asset Tracking  ? 7.2 How Does RFID Asset Tracking  Work? Ⅷ RFID Vs. NFC: The 5 Key Differences Ⅸ FAQ   Ⅱ RFID Related Video:   How RFID Works? and How to Design RFID Chips?     RFID Related Video Description: In this video, we learn about how RFID works and we see how RFID chips are designed. The main concepts such as backscatter modulation and energy harvesting is explained in detail. We start by explaining the RFID technology, in particular passive RFIDs.We discuss the operation of RFID and the magnetic field coupling.Then we look inside the RFID tags and locate the RFID chip and antenna inside the tags.Then we see how RFID chips are designed and explain all different parts of the chip in detail.We discuss the backscatter modulation as well as RF frequencies used in RFID communication.At the end we also provide some information about RFID readers.     Ⅲ RFID Chip 3.1 WHAT IS RFID? RFID is an abbreviation for "radio-frequency identification," and it refers to a technology that uses radio waves to capture digital data encoded in RFID tags  or smart labels (defined below). RFID is similar to barcoding in the sense that data from a tag or label is captured by a device and stored in a database. RFID, on the other hand, has several advantages over systems that use barcode asset tracking software. The most notable difference is that RFID tag data can be read even when the tag is not in direct view, whereas barcodes must be aligned with an optical scanner. If you are thinking about implementing an RFID solution, contact the RFID experts at AB&R® (American Barcode and RFID).   3.2 HOW DOES RFID WORK? RFID systems are made up of three parts: a scanning antenna  , a transceiver, and a transponder. An RFID reader  or interrogator is a device that combines the scanning antenna  and the transceiver. RFID reader  s are classified into two types: fixed readers  and mobile readers  . RFID reader  s are network-connected devices that can be portable or fixed. It transmits signals that activate the tag via radio waves. When activated, the tag sends a wave back to the antenna.  which converts it into data. The RFID tag contains the transponder. RFID tag read range varies depending on factors such as tag type, reader type, RFID frequency, and interference in the surrounding environment or from other RFID tags  and readers,  Tags with a more powerful power source have a greater read range.   3.3 What Are the Types of RFID Systems  ? RFID systems are classified into three types: low frequency (LF), high frequency  (HF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) (UHF). Microwave RFID technology is also available. Frequencies differ greatly depending on country and region. RFID systems with low frequency. These frequencies range from 30 kHz to 500 KHz, with 125 KHz being the most common.  LF RFID  has relatively short transmission ranges, ranging from a few inches to less than six feet. RFID system with high frequency  These range from 3 MHz to 30 MHz, with 13.56 MHz being the most common HF frequency. The typical range is from a few inches to several feet. RFID  UHF  systems These have a frequency range of 300 MHz to 960 MHz, with a typical frequency of 433 MHz, and can be read from a distance of 25 feet or more. RFID systems that use microwaves These operate at 2.45 Ghz and can be read from a distance of more than 30 feet.   Ⅳ RFID Tags 4.1 Definition of RFID Tags RFID tags are a type of tracking system that uses intelligent barcodes to identify items. RFID stands for "radio frequency identification," and RFID tags  make use of radiofrequency technology. These radio waves send data from the tag to a reader, which then sends the data to an RFID computer program. RFID tags  are commonly used to track merchandise, but they can also be used to track vehicles, pets, and even Alzheimer's patients. An RFID tag is also known as an RFID chip. 4.2 How RFID Tags Work？ An RFID tag transmits and receives data via an antenna  and a microchip, which is also known as an integrated circuit or IC. The RFID reader  's microchip is programmed with whatever information the user desires. What exactly is an RFID tag? RFID tags are classified into two types: battery-powered and passive. Battery-operated RFID tags.  as the name implies, use an onboard battery as a power source, whereas passive RFID tags  do not, instead of relying on electromagnetic energy transmitted from an RFID reader,  RFID tags  powered by batteries are also known as active RFID tags,  Passive RFID tags  transmit data at three different frequencies: 125–134 KHz, also known as Low Frequency (LF), 13.56 MHz, also known as High Frequency (HF) and  Near-Field Communication  (NFC), and 865–960 MHz, also known as Ultra High Frequency (UHF) (UHF). The range of the tag is affected by the frequency used. When a reader scans a passive RFID tag, it sends energy to the tag, which powers it up enough for the chip and antenna  to relay information back to the reader. The reader then sends this data to an RFID computer program for interpretation. Passive RFID tags  are classified into two types: inlays and hard tags. Inlays are typically thin and can be adhered to a variety of surfaces, whereas hard tags are, as the name implies, made of a hard, durable material such as plastic or metal.Transponders are much more battery-efficient than beacons because they only activate when they are close to a reader. Figure1:antenna 4.3 Examples of RFID Tags Because an active RFID is constantly transmitting a signal, it is an excellent choice for those seeking real-time trackings, such as in tolling and real-time vehicle tracking applications. They are a costly product, but they have a long read range, which may be preferred depending on the application. Passive RFID tags.  which cost around 20 cents each, are a much more cost-effective option than active  RFID tags ,  As a result, they are a popular choice for applications such as supply chain management, race tracking, file management, and access control. While a passive RFID tag does not require a direct line of sight to the RFID reader.  its read range is much shorter than that of an active RFID tag. They are small, lightweight, and have the potential to last a lifetime. Active RFID tags are better suited for applications requiring durability because they have a larger, more rugged design than passive RFID tags,  They are commonly used in toll payment transponder systems, cargo tracking applications, and even personal tracking devices. Figure2:Examples of RFID Tags Ⅴ What Does (RFID Reader) Mean? 5.1 What exactly is an RFID Reader  ? A radio frequency identification reader (RFID reader) is a device that collects data from RFID tags that are used to track individual objects. Data is transferred from the tag to a reader using radio waves. RFID is a technology that, in theory, is similar to bar codes. The RFID tag, on the other hand, does not have to be scanned directly, nor does it need to be in direct line of sight of a reader. To be read, the RFID tag must be within the range of an RFID reader.  which can range from 3 to 300 feet. RFID technology allows several items to be scanned quickly and allows for quick identification of a specific product, even when it is surrounded by several other items. RFID tags have not replaced bar codes due to their high cost and the requirement to individually identify each item.   5.2 Readers Types A passive reader in a Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT) system only receives radio signals from active tags (battery operated, transmit only). A PRAT system reader's reception range can be adjusted from 1–2,000 feet (0–600 m), providing flexibility in applications such as asset protection and supervision.   An active reader in an Active Reader Passive Tag (ARPT) system transmits interrogator signals and receives authentication responses from passive tags. Active tags activated by an interrogator signal from the active reader are used in an Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT) system. A Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tag, which acts like a passive tag but has a small battery to power the tag's return reporting signal, could also be used in this system.Fixed readers  are configured to create a specific interrogation zone that is tightly controlled. This allows for a well-defined reading area when tags enter and exit the interrogation zone. Handheld mobile readers  are available, as well as those mounted on carts or vehicles.   Ⅵ Blocking Wallet If you have RFID-enabled cards, passports, or devices, an RFID-blocking wallet may be necessary to protect your data.   6.1 What Is an RFID-Blocking Wallet? Thieves can steal your credit card information just by standing next to you if you don't have an RFID-blocking wallet. It is possible if you carry a credit card with an RFID chip embedded in it. RFID credit cards allow you to make payments by simply touching the card to a scanner rather than swiping it across or inserting it into a terminal. They're made for ease of use. Imagine someone approaching you and "scanning" the wallet in your back pocket without your knowledge. They could theoretically copy the RFID data and create a clone of your credit card unless it is protected by an RFID-blocking wallet.   6.2 How Do RFID-Blocking Wallets Work? RFID chips have been a source of concern for many years, and not just in credit cards. RFID chips in all US passports issued after 2006 track your photo and information. RFID chips are embedded in metro cards for quick swiping, and RFID chips are implanted in dogs for tracking. RFID chips communicate by using radio waves. An RFID tag with information is embedded in the object, such as a credit card, and an RFID reader  uses radio waves to read the information from the tag. The key point is that RFID chips have tiny electromagnetic fields, which allows them to be read without having to "initiate" communications. The RFID reader  only needs to be close enough to the field to work. As a result, someone could theoretically scan a card through your pocket. And, yes, people have been scanned in the real world in this manner. Check out this Reddit anecdote to see what kind of headache RFID hackers can cause. Fortunately, radio waves can be easily interrupted and blocked, which is how an RFID-blocking wallet works. They encase your credit cards in a radio-interfering material. If the wallet is constructed properly as a Faraday cage, it will block all electromagnetic fields and prevent communication between your cards and RFID scanners. But do YOU really require an RFID-blocking wallet? Most likely not. If your credit cards do not have RFID chips, you obviously do not require one. Even if you do have RFID-enabled cards, the chances of being scanned maliciously are extremely low—-less than 1%, according to some. On the other hand, the possibility exists at all times, and the probability is non-zero.   6.3 The 5 Best RFID-Blocking Wallets Saddleback Passport WalletBig Skinny Slimline WalletTrayvax Original WalletSharkk Rugged WalletRadix One Black Steel   Ⅶ RFID Asset Tracking  As a company that depends on the availability of high-value assets to generate revenue, you understand the significance of asset tracking and effective inventory management. Whether it's inventory, tools, IT equipment, vehicles, or even employees. 7.1 What Is RFID Asset Tracking  ? RFID asset tracking is a technique for automating the management and location of physical assets. It works by loading data onto an RFID tag and attaching it to a relevant asset. This information can range from name, condition, amount, and location. An RFID reader  can capture the stored data by using the RFID tag's repeatedly pulsating radio waves. Eventually, it will be collected in a sophisticated asset tracking system, where the data can be monitored and acted upon. The ability to automate your tracking and monitoring processes seeks to eliminate the highly error-prone methods of pen-and-paper and excel spreadsheets.Among other benefits such as: Tracking multiple assets at any one timeEliminating human interventionCollecting data in real-timeImproving asset visibilityLocating lost or misplaced assetsMaximising accuracy of inventory   7.2 How Does RFID Asset Tracking  Work? The basic principles of how an RFID tracking system works are very similar whether it is used in agriculture to track livestock or in a warehouse to monitor a manufacturer's supply chain. First, you'll need the right tools: RFID Tags (Passive, Active, or Semi-Passive)An AntennaAn RFID ReaderA computer database equipped with Asset Tracking Software The RFID asset tracking process can be divided into four stages once the proper equipment is in place: The data is stored on an RFID tag that has a unique  Electronic Product Code  (EPC) and is attached to an asset. An antenna  detects a nearby RFID tag's signal. An RFID reader is wirelessly connected to the antenna  and receives the data stored on the RFID tag. The data is then transmitted by the RFID reader to an asset tracking database, where it is stored, evaluated, and acted upon. The initial process is relatively simple, depending on how you choose to deploy your RFID asset tracking system. However, there are a variety of factors to consider when selecting the right hardware.   Ⅷ RFID Vs. NFC: The 5 Key Differences Even though both technologies appear similar on the surface, there are five key differences between them. The Reading Range NFC technology operates on a limited range, also known as proximity. RFID, on the other hand, can read tags from up to 10 meters away, making it the best solution for vehicle identification and access. Check out our Automatic Vehicle Identification Guide if you want to learn more about long-term solutions. Communication Because NFC is capable of two-way communication, it can provide novel and complex solutions such as card emulation and peer-to-peer. Speed With NFC technology, unlike RFID tags.  only one tag can be read at a time. As a result, RFID tags are often better suited to environments with a high concentration of trackable components. Asset management in a manufacturing facility or tracking fast-moving vehicles is two examples. Data NFC technology stores and transmits a variety of data types. NFC devices, with their larger storage capacity, can store and transmit more data than RFID devices, which can only carry simple ID information. As a result, NFC is better suited to environments where payment details, membership, and ticket information, among other things, must be transferred. The cost-effectiveness NFC-based readers  are less expensive than long-range RFID solutions due to their limited reading range. As a result, NFC is an excellent choice for businesses on a tight budget who still require a high-quality solution. Ⅸ FAQ 1. Can you be tracked through RFID? The answer was an electronic lock, and the company has given its handful of employees the option of using an electronic key or getting an RFID chip implanted in their arm. "It can't be read, it can't be tracked, it doesn't have GPS," Darks said. 2. Can RFID be hacked? RFID hackers have demonstrated how easy it is to get hold of information within RFID chips. As some chips are rewritable, hackers can even delete or replace RFID information with their own data. ... It's easy to purchase the parts for the scanner, and once built, someone can scan RFID tags and get information out of them. 3. Why is RFID bad? The other problem with RFID chips versus, say, embedded smart chips is that as wireless devices they don't need to be near the reader to be read. Smart chips, on the other hand, need to be put next to, or into, a reader, so they aren't as susceptible to being sniffed in the open. 4. How is RFID powered? Active RFID tags have a transmitter and their own power source (typically a battery). ... Instead, they draw power from the reader, which sends out electromagnetic waves that induce a current in the tag's antenna. Semi-passive tags use a battery to run the chip's circuitry, but communicate by drawing power from the reader. 5. What is RFID example? For example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line, RFID-tagged pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses, and implanting RFID microchips in livestock and pets enables positive identification of animals. 6. How do I know if I have an RFID chip? The best way to check for an implant would be to have an X-ray performed. RFID transponders have metal antennas that would show up in an X-ray. You could also look for a scar on the skin. Because the needle used to inject the transponder under the skin would be quite large, it would leave a small but noticeable scar. 7. Do credit cards have RFID? RFID-enabled credit cards - also called contactless credit cards or “tap to pay” cards - have tiny RFID chips inside of the card that allow the transmission of information. ... Though many new credit cards are RFID-enabled, not all of them are. On the other hand, all newly-issued credit cards come with an EMV chip.

Expo electronica--21st International Exhibition of electronic componentsFrom Apr. 17th to 19th in 2018, the EXPO ELECTRONICA,the 21st International Exhibition of electronic components,modules and systems will be held in CROCUS EXPO,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. As an exhibitor of the exhibiton, Kynix Semiconductor sincerely invites you to visit this exhibition. It is believed that you can have a better understanding of our company and we can form a stabler partnership.Following are some information about the EXPO ELECTRONICA. OverviewAs one of the largest international exhibition of electronic components,modules and systems both in terms of the number and importance of its exhibitors in Russia,ExpoElectronica exhibitions holds the title of the “Best exhibition in Russia” on the subject of electronics and accessories in all categories according to the Russian National Exhibition Rating. ExpoElectronica is an effective business platform to attract new clients and increase sales of electronic components, modules and systems to existing clients in Russia. Over 400 companies from 20 countries will take part in 2018 exhibition. More than 11 000 specialists from different regions of Russia and foreign countries are expected to visit the exhibition. expoelectronica-plan Exhibition profileSemiconductors;PCBs; Sensors and control devices; Micro- and nanosystems; Passive components; Displays; Electromechanics and connector technology; Embedded systems; Power suppliers; Electronics manufacturing services (EMS); Wireless components and modules; Automation systems; Microelectromechanical systems; Testing and measurement; Circuit design services; Software; LED products and components; NEW! Industry 4.0 solutionsAddressMoscow, 65-66km MKAD (International Exhibition Centre "Crocus Expo")ThemeBest exhibition in RussiaVenuepavilion 3, 65-66 km Moscow City Ring (MKAD), Moscow, RussiaScaletotal exhibitions area was 14 661 sq.mVisitorsOver 400 companies from 20 countries and more than 11 000 specialists from different regions of RussiaDateApril 17 (Tue.) - 19 (Thu.), 2018Well-Know ExhibitorsState Corporate ‘Rostechnologii’, Roselectronics , RAO ‘UES of Russia’, RUSNANO, Almaz-Antey, Zelenograd Innovation and Technology Centre (ZITT), Skolkovo Innovation Center and other.Russia represented electornic organisationsAngstrem, Micron, Svetlana, Meteor plant, JSC Moscow Electrolamp Plant, scientific research institute of gas-discharge devices Plasma, NPP Istok, NPP Pulsar and other.Our Booth Number D411 How to get to EXPO ELECTRONICAUrban transport:  Myakinino metro station (Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line) - exit to Pavilion 3.By car: On the outer side of MKAD (66 km) - exit to the territory of Crocus City after the Volokolamsk highway, the index "Crocus City". On the inner side of the Moscow Ring Road (66 km) - the exit under the bridge in front of the Volokolamsk highway, the "Crocus City" signpost.ExpoElectronica mapAbout kynixKynix Semiconductor has founded over 10 years since 2008. These 10 years have witnessed our company's trials of becoming a better and better distributor and supplier in electronic components industry.In 2009, our company established the International Sales Department and became members of TBF and HKInventory. In 2010, we established cooperative relationships with accredited testing organizations like CECCLab, White Horse Lab, AAA...In 2013, we established a strategic partnership with dozens of well-known electronic components manufacturers including TI.In 2015,we reached an electronic components supply strategic partnership with Foxconn.Also ,our B2B trading platform was launched officially,whose members have exceeded 15,000 in 2017. Our partners in electronics field have increased to 700 up to now.In 2017, We attended Korea Electronic Show(KES), we won a lot of new partners and opened up kynix’s world market. Our advantages1.Strong operation system2. Good warehouse management3. Cooperation with advanced international testing companies4. Cooperation with international high standard logistics companies like UPS, DHL, TNT, FedEx5. Competitive supply from SumSung / Micron / BroadCom / Freescale / Atmel / Cypress and etc... After-sales ServicesGurantee1.Each product from Kynix has been given a  warranty period of 1 YEAR .During this period , we could provide free technical maintenance if there are any problems about our products.2.If you find quality problems about our products after receiving them , you could test them and apply for unconditional refund if it can be proved.But it's just on this premise that the product is not used and the packing is not damaged .Commitment to QualityKynix has always been laying emphasis on the quality of its products and maintaining a sound cooperative relation with electronic components manufacturers since its founding. It has been conducting quality-monitoring system following the rigid rules in terms of the quality of the product, delivery, and it's after-sales service.  It is claimed by Kynix that all products sold are 100% authentic. Each product has been tested carefully before being sent to the customer. It is our aim to be responsible for our customers and make them satisfactory. The 2017 Electronic Shows We have attened:In 2017,we attened the Korean Electronic Show whic held from 17 October to 20th October 2017 at the COEX Korea Exhibition Center in Seoul, Korea. Under the theme--Where the Creative Things are, there are more well-known exhibitors such as UNION SEIMITSU CO., LTD.; SILICONE VALLEY CO., LTD.; SANYO DENKI (THAILAND) CO.,LTD.; MORNSUN took part in KES. 2017 Korea Electronic ShowIt is  kynix’s honor to witness KES’s great success.We gained great benefits from KES.Over 10 thousand visitors from all the world saw kynix’s stand and asked about electronic semiconductors every day between exhibition period. What's more,we made cooperations with over 60 partners in the exhibition including Sumsung and LG. Kynix gained great benefits from KES ContactIf you have any questions, please contact us through our emails! Hope the exhibition finishes perfectly! We will be there and waiting for your coming! Want hintOpening hours of the EXPO ELECTRONICA is :April 17 from 10:00 to 18:00 on April 18 from 10:00 to 18:00 on April 19 from 10:00 to 16:00For a free visit you need to register and  receive an e-ticket at https://www.expoelectronica.ru . Without registration, the entrance fee is  500 rubles. 

IntroductionAs we all know, Tire Pressure Sensor is a small programmable electronic device for driving safety. So what is the role of car tire pressure sensor? Just to prevent car accidents? Of course more than that, it can also extend the service life of the tires and even reduce the wear and tear of the suspension system. So this sensor should not be underestimated. Therefore, what exactly is the tire pressure sensor monitoring? How does it send signals to the vehicle controller? What is the difference between built-in and external sensor? Here gives a detailed introduction.TPMS Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems InstallationCatalogIntroductionⅠ Tire Pressure Sensor Working PrincipleⅡ Tire Pressure Sensor LocationⅢ Types of Tire Pressure Sensor Comparisons3.1 Original Second-generation Tire Pressure Sensors3.2 OEM Tire Pressure Sensors3.3 HUF TPMS Sensors3.4 Second-generation Tire Pressure SensorsⅣ Tire Pressure Sensor FaultsⅤ Tire Pressure Monitoring System ResetⅥ FAQⅠ Tire Pressure Sensor Working PrincipleThe tire pressure sensor signal is sent to the antenna receiver by sending a wireless signal of 433MHz or 355MHz, and the receiver sends the tire pressure data to the BCM (body control module) through the LIN (serial communication network), and finally compares with the BCM preset tire pressure data. If the tire pressure is too low, BCM will send a signal to the meter through the gateway via the high-speed CAN (serial communication protocol), showing the result. With the development of technology, the tire pressure sensor fully supports high-definition accurate monitoring of tire temperature, tire pressure and battery status to ensure driving safety at all times. The general-purpose tire pressure sensors on the market can replace all original sensors, copy the data of the original tire pressure sensors, and can repeat programming indefinitely.Figure 1. Tire Pressure Sensor Working PrincipleInstalling a tire pressure sensor is a direct type of tire pressure monitoring. Use the sensor installed in each tire to directly measure the tire pressure, then use the wireless transmitter to send the pressure information to the central receiver module, finally display the tire pressure data. When the tire pressure is too low or when there is a gas leak, the system will alarm automatically.In addition, there is also indirect tire pressure monitoring. Its working principle is: when the air pressure of a certain tire decreases, the weight of the vehicle will make the rolling radius of the tire smaller, causing its speed to be faster than other wheels. By comparing the rotational speed between the tires, in order to achieve the purpose of monitoring the tire pressure, the indirect tire alarm system actually relies on the tire's rolling radius to monitor the air pressure. Ⅱ Tire Pressure Sensor LocationThe tire pressure monitoring sensor is installed on the tire, usually at the valve position. The tire pressure monitoring display is usually placed on the center console. A lot of electronic devices are installed in the middle of the center console, which has a certain impact on radio frequency interference, especially the electronic eye. The tire pressure sensor can be divided into built-in type and external type according to the location where it is installed.The following is a display drawing of the location of the tire pressure sensor in a car:Figure 2. Tire Pressure Sensor Location Display Drawing1: Right-front wheel pressure monitoring sensor2: Central information display (can display tire inflation pressure info)3: Right-rear tire pressure monitoring sensor4: Remote control signal receiver5: Left-rear tire pressure monitoring sensor6: Combination instrument7: Dynamic stability control system8: Left-front tire pressure monitoring sensor🔺External Tire Pressure SensorFigure 3. External Tire Pressure SensorUsually, some of the original tire pressure sensors that the car is equipped with can display the current tire pressure, while others only give an alarm when the tire is out of air. For the external tire pressure sensor, the valve core has not played much role.The external tire pressure sensor is very simple to replace the battery. The battery can be opened by disassembling it with a wrench or other tools. The service life of the external battery is much shorter than that of the built-in battery due to structural design.🔺Built-in Tire Pressure SensorFigure 4. Built-in Tire Pressure SensorThe built-in sensor has obvious feature, that is, it can avoid being stolen and external interference, and it can be used for a longer time.But why can the original car tire pressure monitoring battery last for 8-10 years, while the latter can only be used for about 5 years? This is mainly due to the different working principles.In the original car, the tire pressure sensor is usually in a dormant state after the vehicle is stationary for 30 minutes. When the vehicle speed exceeds 30KM/hour, the sensor sends a signal to the receiver once a minute. The transmission frequency is about 433MHz, and the additional tire pressure sensor will emit a signal every 5 seconds or so when the tire rotates. So it is very power-consuming to use it.For driving safety, of course, the shorter the signal transmission interval, the better. However, tire leaks are generally slow. If it is a puncture, the tire pressure sensor will not play any role. Therefore, the sending interval of 1 minute is very reasonable, which can greatly improve the battery life.The principle is not complicated whether it is built-in or external sensors. The sensor sends the tire pressure data to the receiver via a wireless signal, and then displays it. Based on the above analysis of various tire pressure sensors, we can get such a result, that is, the stability of the original sensor is greater than that of the later installation. The built-in type is better than the external type in terms of use time and safety. Ⅲ Types of Tire Pressure Sensor Comparisons3.1 Original Second-generation Tire Pressure SensorsThe third-generation tire pressure of the original factory has been officially certified by Audi, with complete packaging and certificates. It is the most formal product. The service life of the qualified product of the original factory is more than six years.Advantages: High production standards. The various accessories used, including button batteries, have strict standards, and the accuracy of tire pressure data and transmission stability are very reliable.Disadvantages: After a lengthy supply chain, the cost rises. For example, a kind of tire pressure sensor is ordered from somewhere: the price is 400+, and the installation also requires modules, gas nozzles, and wiring harnesses, therefore, the price must be increased. 3.2 OEM Tire Pressure Sensors (off the official assembly line)Everyone knows that each OEM has its own dedicated supporting supplier, and the product will be installed and used in the car after very strict testing when it arrives at the OEM. This process will screen out a batch of products that do not meet the requirements of the OEM. , It may also be that the production date is too long. When the battery power does not meet the original factory requirements, it is treated as industrial waste.Advantages: Cheap priceDisadvantages: Sensor quality cannot be guaranteed. The production date is too long, the product does not have any packaging, the appearance and function (accuracy, sensitivity, etc.) cannot be guaranteed, and there is no after-sales service generally. 3.3 HUF TPMS SensorsThe comparison chart between HUF and the original tire pressure sensor shows that except for the different product codes, everything else is the same.Figure 5. Tire Pressure Sensor ComparisonAdvantages: The production standard is the same as the original product, except for the difference in marking and packaging. Because there is no Audi supply channel, the price is lower than the original product. Except that, the quality can be guaranteed by independent sellers.Disadvantages: Unofficial channels and no certificates. 3.4 Second-generation Tire Pressure SensorsThe sub-factory tire pressure sensor is a highly modeled product. Some small manufacturers have developed closely based on the original product. There are many brands and types of products. The appearance of this type of product is quite different from the above three types.Advantages: Cheap price.Disadvantages: The production standard is low, and the tire pressure data accuracy, transmission stability, and service life cannot be guaranteed. Although it can be used when installed, it is easy to have problems. Ⅳ Tire Pressure Sensor FaultsHow do I know if my tire pressure sensor is bad? The tire pressure sensor faults may be caused by the sensor running out of power, the sensor signal failure, and the sensor circuit failure. Due to different car usage conditions, you can check according to the following failure reasons:1) First of all, the air pressure is not high. If it is, the tire pressure needs to be reset; if not, it is a monitoring failure, but this possibility is small. Generally, the tire sensor is faulty, which will cause the brake system to turn the TPMS (tire pressure monitoring system) light on, and you can go to the repair shop to reset.Figure 6. Tire Pressure Sensor Light2) The Volkswagen series cars can supplement the standard air pressure, and then press the tire pressure monitoring button for a few seconds to reset. Other car models can use the decoder to reset or automatically reset after driving a certain distance when the standard air pressure is supplemented.3) The vehicle tire pressure is strictly the air pressure inside the tire, so the height of the tire has an important influence on the performance and power of the car. When you test a tire pressure sensor failure, you can check it.4) If the tire pressure sensor is out of power, it is easy for the tire pressure to be falsely reported. At the same time, the tire pressure value may be very unstable from high to low, and the brightness of the tire pressure display will decrease. When these problems occur, you can try to replace the tire pressure sensor battery to test.Over time the (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) TPMS sensors can go bad or the batteries can go dead. Here shows you how to replace TPMS sensors at home without a tire machine. Just look at the following video:How To Replace TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System) Sensors? Ⅴ Tire Pressure Monitoring System Reset1) Press the button at the lower right corner of the multifunction steering wheel to calibrate the tire pressure monitoring system. You need to press the operating button to select "Vehicle Setting".2) Press the SEL/RESET button, the tire pressure monitoring system calibration will appear on the display.3) Press the SEL/RESET button, the display will switch to the personalized setting interface, and then select "Calibration".4) Press the SEL/RESET button, the "Calibration Start" message will appear on the multi-information display, and disappear after two seconds.Figure 7. Car Tire Pressure Sensors Ⅵ FAQ1. What does it mean when tire pressure sensor fault comes on?The “tire pressure sensor fault” message is an indication that there is a problem with the tire pressure monitoring system. ... If the tire is overinflated or underinflated, this could cause damage to the tire and/or hazardous driving conditions. 2. How much does it cost to fix a tire pressure sensor fault?Generally speaking, the TPMS sensor replacement cost is going to fall somewhere between $230 and $750 in most cases. And unlike some other auto repairs, it's the parts, not the labor, that are going to get you. TPMS sensors can cost anywhere from $180 to $680 alone. 3. Can you drive with a bad tire pressure sensor?No, driving with the TPMS Light on is not safe. It means one of your tires is underinflated or overinflated. ... This can cause undue wear on the tire, potentially lead to a tire failure, and cause a blowout dangerous to you and other drivers on the road. 4. How do I test my TPMS sensor?It is important check the TPMS system before working on a customer's vehicle. Using a TPMS diagnostic tool, select the vehicle's make, model and year manually – or for faster service, scan the vehicle's VIN barcode located on the placard on the vehicle doorjamb to read the sensor information. 5. How long do tire pressure sensors last?The lithium ion batteries inside tire pressure sensors may last anywhere from five to 10 years. Five to six years is a more typical lifespan for older TPMS sensors. The lithium ion batteries inside TPMS sensors may last anywhere from five to 10 years. 6. Can you drive without tire sensors?Yes you can. If you are in canada, there is no law about tpms (tire pressure monitoring system), so there is no problem to drive without it. In USA, this is forbidden. Over this, you will have a light on in your dash if you wheel don't have sensor, but no other issue. 7. How much should it cost to replace a tire sensor?The service kit costs $5-$10 per wheel on most vehicles. A special TPMS tool and additional time are also needed to check and reset the sensor system. In the event pressure sensors need to be replaced, the cost ranges from $50-$250 each depending on vehicle type. 8. How do you fix a tire pressure sensor?Press the TPMS reset button and hold it until the light blinks three times, then release it. Start the car and let it run for 20 minutes to reset the sensor. You'll usually find the tire pressure monitor reset button beneath the steering wheel. Check your user's manual if you're having trouble locating it. 9. How do I know if my tire pressure sensor is bad?Drive for a little bit. The light should go off as the sensor reads the new pressure levels. If the light stays on, you should have us check your tires for a leak or another issue that may not be immediately visible. If the tire pressure is stable, then it could be a bad sensor. 10. Why do tire pressure sensors fail?Some tire pressure sensors have been known to fail as a result of corrosion. ... This can result in valve stems breaking off or cracking, causing the tire to go flat. Other reasons for failure include wiring faults, issues with keyless entry systems, and TPMS module failure, however these are all far less common faults. 11. Can you turn off tire pressure sensor?The U.S. Department of Transportation has mandated that all vehicles manufactured after 2008 include a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS). Although you cannot disable the TPMS in a General Motors (GM) vehicle, you can reset the system if you recently checked your tires and inflated them properly. 12. Can I replace just one TPMS sensor?You can replace just one sensor. However, when you replace a TPMS sensor you have to "register" it on the vehicle. That is, the vehicle ECU has to be programmed to know that it has a new sensor with a new ID. 13. Is it worth it to replace TPMS sensors?The only time when the TPMS sensor replacement cost might not be worth it is when your car isn't worth much at all. If you have an older car that isn't worth a whole lot of money, paying to have bad TPMS sensors replaced might not be in your best interests. 14. Can you replace battery in TPMS sensor?Most TPMS sensors run on batteries that are built into the sensor and these batteries are not replaceable. The life expectancy of the lithium ion batteries in a TPMS sensor is anywhere from 5-10 years. ... If one of your TPMS sensors fails and needs replacement, you can replace it individually. 15. How do I get the TPMS light to go off?Drive the car at 50 mph for about 10 minutes.This should reset the sensor, and the next time you start the car the TPMS light should be off. Without starting the car, turn the key to the “On” position. Press the TPMS reset button and hold it until the light blinks three times, then release it.

You can build your own rf transmitter at home, even if you are new to electronics. This diy project uses a 433 mhz rf transmitter, which many beginners find easy to use. You will work with basic rf components that help you understand how a transmitter sends signals. Learning about rf technology gives you hands-on experience and builds your confidence.DIY RF Transmitter ProjectMaterials and ToolsTo start your rf transmitter project, you need a few basic parts and tools. Here is a list to help you gather everything:433 mhz rf transmitter moduleArduino Uno (or similar microcontroller)555 timer ICBreadboard or perfboardJumper wiresSoldering iron and solder (for permanent builds)Simple wire for the antenna (about 17 cm long)Power supply (like a 9V battery or USB cable)You can find these parts at electronics stores or online shops. Many hobbyists choose modular designs because they help you save time and money. Modular rf components use proven designs and standard manufacturing, so you get reliable parts and fast delivery. Custom modular parts also balance performance and cost, making your diy rf transmitter project easier to build.Tip: Always check that your rf module matches your microcontroller voltage. This helps prevent damage.433 MHz RF Transmitter ModuleThe 433 mhz rf transmitter module is popular in diy electronics. You can use it for remote controls, weather stations, or home automation. This rf module uses Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, which is simple and needs little hardware. Many users like these modules because they are affordable and easy to use. You can send data up to 50 meters in normal conditions. Some advanced modules, like the Texas Instruments CC1125, can reach much farther with special antennas. Most beginners find the standard range perfect for home projects.Microcontroller IntegrationYou can connect your rf transmitter to an Arduino Uno to send signals. Many people use Arduino because it is easy to program and has lots of support online. Some users have trouble getting their rf module to work with Arduino, even with the right wiring and code. You may need to try different code libraries, like RadioHead, to get good results. Careful wiring and checking your code help you avoid common problems. The NRF24L01 rf module is another option for wireless projects. It works well with Arduino Uno and offers more features, but it needs careful connections.Note: If you use a breadboard, make sure all connections are tight. Loose wires can cause your transmitter to stop working.How RF Transmitters WorkBasic PrinciplesYou can think of an rf transmitter as a device that sends information through the air. The main parts include an oscillator, a modulator, and an antenna. The oscillator creates a steady electrical wave at a set frequency. In most beginner projects, this frequency is 433 MHz. This frequency is popular because it works well for short-range wireless transmitters and does not need a special license in many countries.The modulator changes the wave from the oscillator. It adds your data, like a button press or sensor reading, to the wave. The antenna then sends this wave out as an rf signal. You can use this signal to control devices or send messages wirelessly.Modulation MethodsYou need a way to put your information onto the rf wave. This process is called modulation. Many simple rf transmitter modules use Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). ASK changes the strength of the wave to show if the signal is a 1 or a 0. Some advanced systems use other methods, such as Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).Engineers use statistical tools to compare how well these modulation methods work. They look at things like the Probability Density Function (PDF) and the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF). These tools help you see how the power of the rf signal changes over time. The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) is very useful. It shows how often the signal power goes above a certain level. This helps you pick the best modulation method for your transmitter project.Antenna DesignThe antenna is a key part of your rf transmitter. It turns the electrical signal into radio waves. The length of the antenna matters a lot. For a 433 MHz rf project, a simple wire about 17 cm long works well. This length matches a quarter of the wavelength for 433 MHz. When you use the right antenna length, your transmitter sends a stronger signal and reaches farther.Tip: Always keep your antenna straight and away from metal objects. This helps your rf signal travel better.Build Your 433 MHz RF TransmitterCircuit SchematicYou can start your project by building a simple circuit. The 555 timer acts as the oscillator in this design. It creates a steady pulse that the rf transmitter module uses to send a signal. You connect the output of the 555 timer to the data pin of the 433 mhz rf transmitter. The antenna connects to the antenna pin on the rf module.Here is a basic schematic for your transmitter:[9V Battery] | (+) |[555 Timer] |(Output Pin 3) |[Data Pin on 433 MHz RF Transmitter Module] |[Antenna (17 cm wire)]You can use the following code to set up the 555 timer in astable mode. This mode lets the timer create a continuous square wave.Pin 1: GND (connect to ground)Pin 2: Trigger (connect to Pin 6)Pin 3: Output (connect to Data Pin on RF Module)Pin 4: Reset (connect to VCC)Pin 5: Control Voltage (optional, connect to ground through 0.01uF capacitor)Pin 6: Threshold (connect to Pin 2)Pin 7: Discharge (connect to one side of resistor)Pin 8: VCC (connect to +9V)You can adjust the frequency by changing the resistor and capacitor values. This lets you control how fast the transmitter sends pulses.Tip: Draw your schematic on paper before you start wiring. This helps you avoid mistakes.Assembly StepsYou can build your rf transmitter on a breadboard for easy testing. If you want a permanent build, use a perfboard and solder the parts. Follow these steps to assemble your circuit:Place the 555 timer on the breadboard.Connect the power lines from your battery or USB supply.Add the resistors and capacitors to set the timer frequency.Connect the output pin of the 555 timer to the data pin on the rf module.Attach the antenna wire to the antenna pin of the rf transmitter.Double-check all connections for tightness and accuracy.If you use an arduino uno, connect its digital output pin to the data pin of the rf module instead of the 555 timer. You can then use code to control the signal.Note: Keep the antenna straight and away from other wires. This reduces interference and improves your rf signal.You can use the table below to check your connections:ComponentConnects To555 Timer Pin 8+9V Power555 Timer Pin 1Ground555 Timer Pin 3Data Pin on RF ModuleRF Module VCC+5V (or as required)RF Module GNDGroundAntennaAntenna Pin on RF ModuleTesting and TroubleshootingYou can test your rf transmitter after you finish assembly. Power up the circuit and use a simple receiver or another arduino to check if you receive the signal. If you use code, upload a basic sketch that sends a test message.Here are some steps to help you test and troubleshoot:Check the power supply. Make sure the rf module and transmitter get the correct voltage.Use a multimeter to check for loose or broken wires.If you do not see a signal, try changing the antenna position or length.Review your code for errors. Even a small mistake can stop the transmitter from working.If you use a breadboard, press down on all wires to ensure good contact.Tip: If your rf transmitter still does not work, try swapping out the 555 timer or rf module. Sometimes a faulty part causes problems.You can improve your rf signal by keeping wires short and using a clean power supply. Avoid placing your transmitter near large metal objects or other rf devices.DIY RF Beacon and Safety TipsDIY RF Beacon ProjectYou can build a simple diy rf beacon as your next diy project. An rf beacon sends out a signal at regular times. You can use this signal to help find lost items or mark a location. Many people use an rf beacon to track pets, bikes, or even keys. You only need a few parts to make your own diy rf beacon. You need an rf transmitter, a microcontroller, and a battery. You can set the microcontroller to send a short pulse every few seconds. This pulse acts as the beacon signal.To start, connect your rf transmitter to the microcontroller. Attach the antenna to the transmitter. Power the circuit with a small battery. Write a simple code that tells the microcontroller to turn the transmitter on and off. Each time the transmitter turns on, it sends out the rf beacon signal. You can use a receiver to pick up the beacon and find its location. This diy rf beacon project helps you learn about rf signals and how a beacon works.??? Tip: Place your rf beacon in a plastic case to protect it from water and dust.Legal and Safety ConsiderationsYou must follow rules when you use an rf beacon. Many countries have laws about rf transmitters. These laws help prevent interference with other devices. Always check the allowed power level for your rf beacon. Most diy rf beacon projects use low power, so you do not need a license. Never use your rf beacon near airports or emergency services. This can cause problems for important equipment.Stay safe when you build your diy rf beacon. Use a battery holder to avoid short circuits. Keep wires neat and away from metal objects. Test your rf beacon in a safe place. If you want to use your rf beacon outside, make sure it does not break any local laws.?? Note: If you plan to use your rf beacon for tracking, always tell people nearby. Respect privacy and follow all safety rules.You have learned how to build a simple RF transmitter at home. Try new ideas and experiment with your own designs. You can explore more advanced RF projects or add wireless control to other electronics.Review each step before you start.Test your transmitter in a safe place.Always check local rules for RF devices.Remember: Safety and legal guidelines help you enjoy your DIY projects without problems.FAQWhat is an rf beacon and how does it work?An rf beacon sends out a radio signal at set times. You can use a beacon to help find things or mark a spot. The rf beacon uses a transmitter and antenna to send its signal.Can I use an rf beacon to track my pet?Yes, you can attach an rf beacon to your pet’s collar. The beacon sends a signal you can pick up with a receiver. This helps you find your pet if it gets lost.How far can a beacon signal reach?The range of a beacon depends on the power of the rf beacon and the antenna. Most home projects reach up to 50 meters. You can increase range with a better antenna.Is it legal to use an rf beacon at home?You can use an rf beacon at home if you follow local rules. Most countries allow low-power beacon use without a license. Always check your country’s laws before you start.