The Kynix Components

IRF540N is an N-Channel Mosfet. This blog covers IRF540N MOSFET pinout, datasheet, equivalent, features and other information on how to use and where to use this device.Top 5 Electronics Projects using IRF540 | irf540 top circuitsCatalogIRF540N PinoutIRF540N CircuitIRF540N ApplicationsIRF540N FeaturesIRF540N AdvantageIRF540N PackageRF540N ParametersIRF540N ManufacturerIRF540N DocumentsWhere to use IRF540NHow to use IRF540NHow to Connect IRF540NComponent DatasheetFAQOrdering & QuantityIRF540N PinoutPin NumberPin NameDescription1SourceCurrent flows out through Source2GateControls the biasing of the MOSFET3DrainCurrent flows in through DrainIRF540N CircuitIRF540N Peak Diode Recovery dv/dt Test CircuitIRF540N Gate Charge Test CircuitIRF540N Unclamped Inductive Test CircuitIRF540N ApplicationsSwitching high power devicesControl speed of motorsLED dimmers or flashersHigh Speed switching applicationsConverters or Inverter circuitsIRF540N FeaturesSophisticated, cutting-edge processing technology used.Extremely low resistance across load path.Flexible dv/dt plot.Operating temperature tolerance capacity as high as 175 degrees Celsius.Fast switching capability.Fully resistant against avalanche or peak surge currents.IRF540N AdvantageIRF540N MOSFETThe IRF540N is an advanced HEXFET N-channel power MOSFET, from International Rectifier. The device is extremely versatile with its current, voltage switching capabilities, and thus becomes ideal for numerous electronic applications.Below we briefly introduce you several advantages of IRF540N:Planar cell structure for wide SOAOptimized for broadest availability from distribution partnersProduct qualification according to JEDEC standardSilicon optimized for applications switching below <100kHzIndustry standard through-hole power packageHigh-current carrying capability package (up to 195 A, die-size dependent)Capable of being wave-solderedIRF540N PackageTO-220AB Package OutlineTO-220AB Part Marking InformationRF540N ParametersAdditional FeatureAVALANCHE RATED, HIGH RELIABILITYAvalanche Energy Rating (Eas)185 mJCase ConnectionDRAINConfigurationSINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODEDrain Current-Max (ID)33 ADrain-source On Resistance-Max0.044 ΩDS Breakdown Voltage-Min100 VECCN CodeEAR99FET TechnologyMETAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORJEDEC-95 CodeTO-220ABJESD-30 CodeR-PSFM-T3ManufacturerINFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AGManufacturerInfineon Technologies AGNumber of Elements1Number of Terminals3Operating ModeENHANCEMENT MODEOperating Temperature-Max175 °CPackage Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage DescriptionTO-220AB, 3 PINPackage ShapeRECTANGULARPackage StyleFLANGE MOUNTPart Life Cycle CodeActivePeak Reflow Temperature (Cel)NOT SPECIFIEDPolarity/Channel TypeN-CHANNELPower Dissipation Ambient-Max94 WPulsed Drain Current-Max (IDM)110 AQualification StatusNot QualifiedReach Compliance CodeCompliantRisk Rank5.28Rohs CodeNoSamacsys DescriptionMOSFET Transistor, N-Channel, TO-220ABSurface MountNOTerminal FormTHROUGH-HOLETerminal PositionSINGLETime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)NOT SPECIFIEDTransistor ApplicationSWITCHINGTransistor Element MaterialSILICONIRF540N ManufacturerInfineon Technologies AG is a German semiconductor manufacturer founded in 1999, when the semiconductor operations of the former parent company Siemens AG were spun off. Infineon has about 47,400 employees and is one of the ten largest semiconductor manufacturers worldwide. It is market leader in automotive and power semiconductors. In fiscal year 2019, the company achieved sales of €8.0 billion. Infineon bought Cypress in April 2020.IRF540N DocumentsApplication NotesMOSFET linear mode operation and SOA power MOSFETsMOSFET some key facts about avalancheMOSFET detailed MOSFET behavioral analysisProduct Qualification ReportIRF540NProduct Selection GuideMOSFET OptiMOS™ and StrongIRFET™Where to use IRF540NThe IRF540N is an N-Channel MOSFET. This mosfet can drive loads upto 23A and can support peak current upto 110A. It also has a threshold voltage of 4V, which means it can easily driven by low voltages like 5V. Hence it is mostly used with Arduino and other microcontrollers for logic switching. Speed control of motors and Light dimmers are also possible with this Mosfet since it has good switching characteristics.So if you are looking for a Mosfet to switch applications that consume high current with some logic level devices then this Mosfet will be a perfect choice for you.How to use IRF540NUnlike transistors MOSFET’s are voltage controlled devices. Meaning, they can be turned on or turned off by supplying the required Gate threshold voltage (VGS). IRF540N is an N-channel MOSFET, so the Drain and Source pins will be left open when there is no voltage applied to the gate pin. When a gate voltage is applied these pins gets closed.The below circuit shows how this mosfet behaves when the Gate voltage is applied (5V) and not applied (0V). Since this an N-Channel MOSFET the load that has to be switched (in this case a motor) should always be connected above the drain pin.How to use IRF540N?When you turn on a MOSFET by supplying the required voltage to the gate pin, it will remain on unless you supply 0V to the gate. To avoid this problem we should always use a pull-down resistor (R1), here I have used a value of 10k. In applications like controlling the speed of motor or dimming a light we would use a PWM signal for fast switching, during this scenario the MOSFET’s gate capacitance will create a reverse current due to parasitic effect. To tackle this we should use a current limiting capacitor, I have a used a value of 470 here.How to Connect IRF540NIt’s quite simple, and must be done as explained in the following points:The source should be preferably connected to the ground or the negative line of the supply.The drain should be connected to the positive terminal of the supply via the load which needs to be operated by the device.Finally, the gate which is the trigger lead of the device should be connected to the trigger point of the circuit, this trigger input should be preferably a +5V supply from a CMOS logic source.If the trigger input is not a logic source make sure the gate is permanently connected to ground via a high value resistor.When the device is being used for switching inductive loads like a transformer or a motor, a flyback diode should be normally connected across the load, with the cathode of the diode connected to the positive side of the load.However, the IRF540N has a built in avalanche protective diode, therefore typically an external diode may not be required; it may be incorporated in case you wish to provide extra safety to the device.Corrections to the above explanations is welcome.Component DatasheetIRF540N DatasheetFAQWhat is IRF540N?The IRF540N is an advanced HEXFET N-channel power MOSFET, from International Rectifier. The device is extremely versatile with its current, voltage switching capabilities, and thus becomes ideal for numerous electronic applications.Why Do We Require IRF540N?The IRF540N is an N-Channel MOSFET. This MOSFET can drive loads upto 23A and can support peak current upto 110A. It also has a threshold voltage of 4V, which means it can easily driven by low voltages like 5V. Hence it is mostly used with Arduino and other microcontrollers for logic switching.Can I Use MOSFET IRF540N as an Arduino Switch?Arduino using MOSFET IRF540N as a switch for a motor No that makes no odds at all. The first problem is that you have not set pin 12 to be an output in the setup function. So that pin is an imput and you are just turning on and off the internal pull up resistor.How Does IRF540N Work?This section of the tutorial will elaborate about the basic working principle on which IRF540 works. IRF540 works on a simple principle. It has three kinds of terminals e.g. Drain, Gate and Source. When we apply any of the pulse at its Gate terminal, its Gate and Drain gets short i.e. they make a common connection with each other.How Do You Use P Channel MOSFET?To turn on a P-Channel Enhancement-type MOSFET, apply a positive voltage VS to the source of the MOSFET and apply a negative voltage to the gate terminal of the MOSFET (the gate must be sufficiently more negative than the threshold voltage across the drain-source region (VG DS). 

Product Overview2N2222A is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin. 2N2222A has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value determines the amplification capacity of the transistor. The maximum amount of current that could flow through the Collector pin is 800mA, hence we cannot connect loads that consume more than 800mA using this transistor. To bias a transistor we have to supply current to base pin, this current (IB) should be limited to 5mA. When this transistor is fully biased then it can allow a maximum of 800mA to flow across the collector and emitter. This stage is called Saturation Region and the typical voltage allowed across the Collector-Emitter (V­CE) or Base-Emitter (VBE) could be 200 and 900 mV respectively. When base current is removed the transistor becomes fully off, this stage is called as the Cut-off Region and the Base Emitter voltage could be around 660 mV. This blog will introduce 2N2222A systematically from its features, pinout to its specifications, applications, also including 2N2222A datasheet and so much more. Video: 2N2222 NPN Transistor as a switch - Arduino example with LED Flash CatalogProduct Overview2N2222A Features2N2222A Pinout2N2222A Equivalents2N2222A CAD ModelsHow to use 2N2222A Transistor2N2222A Advantages2N2222A Disadvantages2N2222A Applications2N2222A Specification2N2222A Manufacturer2N2222A DatasheetUsing Warnings2N2222A FAQ 2N2222A FeaturesBi-Polar high current NPN TransistorDC Current Gain (hFE) is 100Continuous Collector current (IC) is 800mAEmitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 6VCollector Emitter Voltage (VCE) is 30VBase Current(IB) is 5mA maximumAvailable in To-92 Package 2N2222A PinoutThe pin configuration of the 2N2222A transistor is shown below. This transistor includes three pins & its each pin functionality is discussed below. 2N2222A Pinout Pin1 (Collector): This is the first pin of the transistor & it is an o/p pin. The main function of this pin is to provide transistor current toward the o/p load.Pin2 (Base): The base pin is a control pin & it is a second pin of the transistor. The main function of this pin is to control the current from emitter to base.Pin3 (Emitter): The emitter pin is the third pin of the transistor & it is used to drain out the complete current of the transistor. 2N2222A Equivalents2N2907(PNP), 2N3904(PNP), 2N3906 (PNP), BC637, S9014, BC148, 2N4403, MPS2222, PN2222, KN2222, KTN2222 2N2222A CAD ModelsThe followings are2N2222A Symbol, Footprint, and 3D Model. 2N2222A Symbol 2N2222A Footprint 2N2222A 3D Model How to use 2N2222A TransistorThis transistor like all can be used either as a switch or as an amplifier. The Base-Emitter voltage of this transistor is 6V so you just have to supply this voltage across the base and emitter of the transistor to induce a base current into the transistor. This transistor will make it forward biased and thus closes the connection between collector and emitter. However one important thing to notice is the Base resistor a.k.a current limiting resistor. As the name suggests this resistor will limit the current flowing through the transistor to prevent it from damaging. The value for this resistor can be calculated using the formula: RB = VBE / IB. To make things simple I have shown a simplified circuit to make a transistor as switch. In actual circuit modifications might be required. I have used a base voltage of 5V and a value of 1K as current limiting resistor. Simplified Circuit Note that the motor here draws about 500mA from the 12V power source, since the 2N2222 has collector current rating upto 800mA this circuit is possible had it been a BC547 the transistor should have been burnt. 2N2222A AdvantagesThe main advantages of using the 2N2222 transistor include the following.This is the most commonly used type of transistorIn electronic circuits, most of the switching applications can be done by using this transistorIt is capable of handling fairly high magnitude currents as compared to other similar transistors.This transistor switches the load current with 800 mA through it, which is high as compared to others.So this capability will make the device ideal in the applications of linear amplifiers.Small sizeLess weightVoltage gain is highLow source voltageLow costLonger life 2N2222A DisadvantagesThe main disadvantages of using the 2N2222A transistor include the following.SensitiveDepends on TemperatureInput impedance is lowFaults cannot be found easily due to small sizeIt is extremely hard to replace with new ones by unsolderingIt does not function efficiently like a relay or electrical, mechanical switches. 2N2222A ApplicationsThe applications of the 2N2222A transistor include the following.As compared to the normal NPN BC547 transistor, the 2N2222 is extremely similar, but 2N2222 allows 800mA of collector current & also 652mW of power dissipation which can be utilized for driving larger loads as compared toBC547.So, the 2N2222 transistor is the best choice for switching high current loadsThis kind of transistor is mainly used for amplifying currentThis transistor can be used as a switch for automatically switch ON/OFF any appliances.It is used for PWM due to its quick responseBecause of its fast response time, it can be used for pulse width modulation.It is typically used in automation & embedded projects.Audio PreamplifiersSensor CircuitsAudio Amplifier StagesUsed to switch several loads simultaneouslyRF CircuitsDarlington PairsThese transistors are used in Motor drive circuits like VFD or variable frequency drives.Used in Rectifier Circuits & DC InvertersIt is used as an amplifier to amplify voltage, current & power.Darlington pair transistors are used for attaining the maximum current from the emitter terminal to the collector. 2N2222A SpecificationProduct AttributeAttribute ValueManufacturer:MicrochipProduct Category:Bipolar Transistors - BJTRoHS:NMounting Style:Through HoleTransistor Polarity:NPNConfiguration:SingleCollector- Emitter Voltage VCEO Max:50 VCollector- Base Voltage VCBO:75 VEmitter- Base Voltage VEBO:6 VCollector-Emitter Saturation Voltage:300 mVPd - Power Dissipation:500 mWMinimum Operating Temperature:- 65 CMaximum Operating Temperature:+ 200 CPackaging:BulkDC Current Gain hFE Max:325 at 1 mA, 10 VDCTechnology:SiBrand:Microchip TechnologyContinuous Collector Current:800 mADC Collector/Base Gain hfe Min:75 at 1 mA, 10 VDCProduct Type:BJTs - Bipolar TransistorsSubcategory:TransistorsUnit Weight:0.082453 oz 2N2222A ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Incorporated is a leading provider of smart, connected and secure embedded control solutions. Its easy-to-use development tools and comprehensive product portfolio enable customers to create optimal designs, which reduce risk while lowering total system cost and time to market. The company's solutions serve more than 120,000 customers across the industrial, automotive, consumer, aerospace and defense, communications and computing markets. Microchip offers outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality. 2N2222A DatasheetYou can download this datasheet for 2N2222A Datasheet from the link given below:2N2222A Datasheet Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. 2N2222A FAQWhat is 2n2222a transistor used for?The 2N2222 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) used for general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. It is designed for low to medium current, low power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. Is PN2222 the same as 2N2222?2N2222 is the most common NPN bipolar junction transistor available in the market. Same as PN2222, it can be used for amplification of analog signals as well as switching applications. For most purposes, they are interchangeable. How does a 2N2222A transistor work?2N2222A is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin. 2N2222A has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value determines the amplification capacity of the transistor. How do you know if a transistor is NPN or PNP?Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the Base (B) of the transistor and connect the negative lead to the Emitter (E) of the transistor. If it is an NPN transistor then meter should show a voltage drop between 0.45V and 0.9V. If it is a PNP transistor, then it should display see “OL” (Over Limit). What electronics use 2N2222 transistor?2N2222 NPN transistor has been commonly used for switching and very high frequency(VHF) amplifier applications. It is made of silicon material and specially designed for low voltage, low to medium current and low power amplifier applications.

PIC16F877a is a PIC Microcontroller.PIC16F877a can be write-erase as many times as possible because it uses FLASH memory technology. It has a total number of 40 pins and there are 33 pins for input and output. PIC16F877A is used in many pic microcontroller projects.This post will introduce you to the basic information about PIC16F877a PIC Microcontroller. You will learn some common descriptions, including:A Basic Introduction to PIC16F877ACatalogPIC16F877a PinoutPIC16F877a ApplicationsPIC16F877a FeaturesPIC16F877a AdvantagePIC16F877a CircuitPIC16F877a ParametersPIC16F877a ManufacturerPIC16F877a DocumentsHow to Program PIC16F877aComponent DatasheetFAQPIC16F877a PinoutPin NumberPin NameDescription1MCLR/VppMCLR is used during programming, mostly connected to programmer like PicKit2RA0/AN0Analog pin 0 or 0th pin of PORTA3RA1/AN1Analog pin 1 or 1st pin of PORTA4RA2/AN2/Vref-Analog pin 2 or 2nd pin of PORTA5RA3/AN3/Vref+Analog pin 3 or 3rd pin of PORTA6RA4/T0CKI/C1out4th pin of PORTA7RA5/AN4/SS/C2outAnalog pin 4 or 5th pin of PORTA8RE0/RD/AN5Analog pin 5 or 0th pin of PORTE9RE1/WR/AN6Analog pin 6 or 1st pin of PORTE10RE2/CS/AN77th pin of PORTE11VddGround pin of MCU12VssPositive pin of MCU (+5V)13OSC1/CLKIExternal Oscillator/clock input pin14OSC2/CLKOExternal Oscillator/clock output pin15RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI0th pin of PORT C16RC1/T1OSI/CCP21st pin of POCTC or Timer/PWM pin17RC2/CCP12nd pin of POCTC or Timer/PWM pin18RC3/SCK/SCL3rd pin of POCTC19RD0/PSP00th pin of POCTD20RD1/PSPI1st pin of POCTD21RD2/PSP22nd pin of POCTD22RD3/PSP33rd pin of POCTD23RC4/SDI/SDA4th pin of POCTC or Serial Data in pin24RC5/SDO5th pin of POCTC or Serial Data Out pin25RC6/Tx/CK6th pin of POCTC or Transmitter pin of Microcontroller26RC7/Rx/DT7th pin of POCTC or Receiver pin of Microcontroller27RD4/PSP44th pin of POCTD28RD5/PSP55th pin of POCTD29RD6/PSP66th pin of POCTD30RD7/PSP77th pin of POCTD31VssPositive pin of MCU (+5V)32VddGround pin of MCU33RB0/INT0th pin of POCTB or External Interrupt pin34RB11st pin of POCTB35RB22nd pin of POCTB36RB3/PGM3rd pin of POCTB or connected to programmer37RB44th pin of POCTB38RB55th pin of POCTB39RB6/PGC6th pin of POCTB or connected to programmer40RB7/PGD7th pin of POCTB or connected to programmerPIC16F877a ApplicationsPIC16F877A is used in many pic microcontroller projects. PIC16F877A also have much application in digital electronics circuits. PIC16f877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation and many industrial instruments.PIC16F877a Features8K of Code space256 Bytes of EEPROM384 bytes SRAM8-level deep hardware stackUp to 20 MHz clock1 16-bit, 2 8-bit timersSyncronous Serial Port – SPI and I2CUSART8 channel, 10-bit ADCBrown-Out Reset2 Analog ComparatorsCapture, Compare, PWM modulePIC16F877a AdvantagePIC16F877a MicrocontrollerPIC16F877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation and many industrial instruments. An EEPROM is also featured in it which makes it possible to store some of the information permanently like transmitter codes and receiver frequencies and some other related data. The cost of this controller is low and its handling is also easy. It is flexible and can be used in areas where microcontrollers have never been used before as in microprocessor applications and timer functions etc.PIC16F877a CircuitDesign this circuit in proteus. Connect the pins with the source, ground and oscillator as explained in the pin description section.Connect 8MHz oscillator with OSCI and OSC2 through two 22 pico farad capacitors.Provide 5 volt to Reset pin through 10k ohm resistor. Resistor is not shown in simulation, but you should connect resistor while making circuit practically.An LED is connected on pin 33 RB0, a resistor is used to limit the current and to prevent the LED from burning up. Write and compile the program in mikro C pro.Burn the microcontroller with the hex file by double clicking on the controller in proteus and run the circuit successfully. best way to learn any microcontroller is to check its data sheet.Pic kit3 is a famous programmer used to upload code to microchip chips, How to program using Pic kit3 is a good source to read.PIC16F877a ParametersProgram Memory TypeFlashProgram Memory Size (KB)14CPU Speed (MIPS/DMIPS)5SRAM (B)368Data EEPROM/HEF (bytes)256Digital Communication Peripherals1-UART, 1-SPI, 1-I2C1-MSSP(SPI/I2C)Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals2 Input Capture, 2 CCPTimers2 x 8-bit, 1 x 16-bitADC Input8 ch, 10-bitNumber of Comparators2Temperature Range (°C)-40 to 125Operating Voltage Range (V)2 to 5.5Pin Count40PIC16F877a ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Inc. is a leading provider of microcontroller and analog semiconductors, providing low-risk product development, lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide. Headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, Microchip offers outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality.PIC16F877a DocumentsPIC Microcontroller Compiled Tips 'n Tricks GuidePIC16F87X to PIC16F87XA MigrationPIC16F87XA-PIC16F88X MigrationHow to Program PIC16F877aAs we have studied 5 input and output ports namely PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, PORTD and PORTE which can be digital as well as analog.We will configure them according to our requirements. But in case of analog mode, the pins or the ports can only act as inputs. There is a built in A to D converter which is used in such cases. Multiplexer circuits are also used.But in digital mode, there is no restriction. We can configure the ports as output or as input. This is done through programming. For PIC the preferable compiler is mikro C pro which can be downloaded from their website.There is a register named as ‘TRIS’ which controls the direction of ports. For different ports there are different registers such as TRISA, TRISB etc.If we set a bit of the TRIS register to 0, the corresponding port bit will act as the digital output.If we set a bit of the TRIS register to 1, the corresponding port bit will act as the digital input.For example to set the whole portb to output we can write the program statement as:　　TRISB=0;Now the port will act as the output port and we can send any value on the output such as　　PORTB=0XFF;FF represents all 1’s in binary i.e. FF=11111111, now all the pins of port b are high. If we connect LEDs at all the pins then they will all start glowing in this condition.If we want to negate the values of the port b we can use the statement:　　PORTB=~PORTB;Now all the pins of the port b will be low.Component DatasheetPIC16F877A DatasheetFAQWhat is PIC16F877a?PIC16F877a is a PIC Microcontroller and is normally used in Embedded Projects like Home Automation System, Bank Security System etc.How Many Bit Microcontroller is PIC16F877a?8This powerful (200 nanosecond instruction execution) yet easy-to-program (only 35 single word instructions) CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller packs Microchip's powerful PIC® architecture into an 40- or 44-pin package and is upwards compatible with the PIC16C5X, PIC12CXXX and PIC16C7X devices.What is the Use of PIC16F877a?PIC16F877a is used in many pic microcontroller projects. PIC16F877a also have much application in digital electronics circuits. PIC16f877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation and many industrial instruments.How Many Timers Are in PIC16F877a?Three timersThe PIC16F877A basically has three timer modules. These timer module terminals are also multiplexed with other functions for handling alternate functions. These three-timer modules as named as TIMER 0, TIMER 1 and TIMER 2. These modules help to perform various timer, Counter or PWM Generation.How Do You Use Timer0 on PIC16F877a?Code　　1. Calculate the Timer Count for the required delay.　　2. Set the Presaclar bits in OPTION_REG as per the delay calculations.　　3. Clear the PSAbit for using the prescalar.　　4. Select the Clock Source Internal/External using TOCS bit.　　5. Load the timer value into TMRO register.　　6. Enable the Timer0 Interrupt by setting TMR0IE bit.How Do you Interrupt in PIC16F877a?Multiple External Interrupts in PIC16F877ABefore Initializing the Interrupt first store the PORTB value into one variable.Enable PORTB Change Interrupt.Connect external Interrupts pins to RB4, RB5, RB6 and RB7 (PORTB. ...Whenever ISR hits, you need to read PORTB value and compare with old PORTB value using XOR method.How many pins does PIC16F877a have?It has a total number of 40 pins and there are 33 pins for input and output. PIC16F877A is used in many pic microcontroller projects. PIC16F877A also have many application in digital electronics circuits. PIC16f877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices.

SS14 is a surface mount High Power Schottky Rectifier.SS14 is a Schottky diode with a reverse withstand voltage of 40V. Schottky tube is characterized by fast working speed, large current, but low reverse withstand voltage (SS14 only 40V), so it can not be directly replaced with ordinary rectifier tubes (such as 1N4007).This blog provides you with a basic overview of the SS14 Schottky Diodes, including its pin descriptions, functions and specifications, alternative products, etc., to help you quickly understand what SS14 is.CatalogSS14 PinoutSS14 FeaturesSS14 ApplicationsSS14 AlternativeSS14 AlternativeSS14 Mechanical DataSS14 PackageSS14 ParametersSS14 Product ComplianceComponent DatasheetSS14 PinoutPin No.Pin NameDescription1AnodeCurrent always Enters through Anode2CathodeCurrent always Exits through CathodeSS14 FeaturesLow profile packageIdeal for automated placementGuardring for overvoltage protectionLow power losses, high efficiencyLow forward voltage dropHigh surge capabilityMeets MSL level 1, per J-STD-020, LF maximum peak of 260 °CAEC-Q101 qualified availableAutomotive ordering code: base P/NHE3 or P/NHM3SS14 ApplicationsFor use in low voltage, high frequency inverters, freewheeling, DC/DC converters, and polarity protection applications.SS14 Alternative1N5819, SS12, SS13, SS15, SS16SS14 Diode Brief NoteThe cathode terminal can be identified by using the color band. The marking details on the actual diode is shown below.In our case the diode will have SS14 written on top of it. Compared to normal diodes Schottky diode also has relatively faster switching speeds and hence can be used in high frequency switching circuits. It also has low forward drop voltage, the voltage drop across the SS14 diode is 0.5V. SS14 diode has a guard ring structure across the metal-semiconductor junction for stress protection.As shown in the graph the SS14 Diode has a minimum voltage drop of around 0.2V across it when 0.1A is flowing through it, as the current increases the Voltage drop across the diode also increases. The maximum current through the diode is 1A during when then voltage drop is only 0.5V.The maximum reverse voltage is 40V. It can also handle a maximum surge of 30A. The complete details of the diode can be found at the datasheet below.SS14 Mechanical DataCase: SMA (DO-214AC)Molding compound meets UL 94 V-0 flammability ratingBase P/N-E3 - RoHS-compliant, commercial gradeBase P/N-M3 - halogen-free, RoHS-compliant, commercial gradeBase P/NHE3_X - RoHS-compliant and AEC-Q101 qualifiedBase P/NHM3_X - halogen-free, RoHS-compliant, and AEC-Q101 qualified (“_X” denotes revision code e.g. A, B, .....)Terminals: matte tin plated leads, solderable per J-STD-002 and JESD 22-B102E3, M3, HE3, and HM3 suffix meets JESD 201 class 2 whisker testPolarity: color band denotes the cathode endSS14 PackageSMA (DO-214AC)　　 SS14 ParametersAdditional FeatureLOW POWER LOSS, FREE WHEELING DIODEBrandVishay SemiconductorsCase/PackageSMAConfigurationSINGLEConfigurationSingleCurrent1ADiode Element MaterialSILICONDiode TypeRECTIFIER DIODEECCN CodeEAR99Element ConfigurationSingleForward Current1AForward Voltage500mVHeight2.09 mmHTS Code8541.10.00.80If - Forward Current1 AIfsm - Forward Surge Current40 AIhs ManufacturerVISHAY SEMICONDUCTORSIr - Reverse Current200 uAJEDEC-95 CodeDO-214ACJESD-30 CodeR-PDSO-C2JESD-609 Codee0Length4.6mmManufacturerVishayManufacturer Part NumberSS14ManufacturerVishay SemiconductorsMax Forward Surge Current (Ifsm)40AMax Operating Temperature125°CMax Repetitive Reverse Voltage (Vrrm)40VMax Reverse Current200uAMaximum Operating Temperature+ 125 CMinimum Operating Temperature- 65 CMountSurface MountMounting StyleSMD/SMTNumber of Elements1Number of Pins2Number of Terminals2Output Current-Max1 APackage Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage DescriptionR-PDSO-C2Package ShapeRECTANGULARPackage StyleSMALL OUTLINEPart Life Cycle CodeObsoletePart Package CodeDO-214ACPeak Reflow Temperature (Cel)240Pin Count2Product CategorySchottky Diodes & RectifiersProductSchottky RectifiersQualification StatusNot QualifiedReach Compliance CodeUnknownRep Pk Reverse Voltage-Max40 VRisk Rank7.53Rohs CodeNoSubcategoryDiodes & RectifiersSurface MountYESTechnologySCHOTTKYTechnologySiTerminal FinishTIN LEADTerminal FormC BENDTerminal PositionDUALTime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)30TypeSchottky DiodeUnit Weight0.003739 ozVf - Forward Voltage0.5 VVoltage30VVrrm - Repetitive Reverse Voltage40 VWidth2.9mmSS14 Product ComplianceUSHTS8541100080TARIC8541100000Component DatasheetSS14 Datasheet 

LM358P Product DescriptionThe LM358B and LM2904B devices are the next-generation versions of the industry-standard operational amplifiers (op amps) LM358 and LM2904, which include two high-voltage (36 V) op amps. These devices provide outstanding value for cost-sensitive applications, with features including low offset (300 µV, typical), common-mode input range to ground, and high differential input voltage capability.The LM358B and LM2904B op amps simplify circuit design with enhanced features such as unity-gain stability, lower offset voltage of 3 mV (maximum at room temperature), and lower quiescent current of 300 µA per amplifier (typical). High ESD (2 kV, HBM) and integrated EMI and RF filters enable the LM358B and LM2904B devices to be used in the most rugged, environmentally challenging applications.The LM358B and LM2904B amplifiers are available in micro-sized packaging, such as the SOT23-8, as well as industry standard packages including SOIC, TSSOP, and VSSOP. LM358P Product Description CatalogLM358P Product DescriptionLM358P PinoutLM358P CAD ModelLM358P Product ParametersBipolarⅤPackage | Pins | SizeLM358P FeaturesApplications of LM358PLM358P vs LM358PWUsing Warnings Component DatasheetFAQLM358P Pinout LM358 Pinout  LM358P CAD Model LM358 CAD Model  LM358P Product Parameters Number of channels (#)2Total supply voltage (Max) (+5V=5, +/-5V=10) 32Total supply voltage (Min) (+5V=5, +/-5V=10) 3Rail-to-rail In to V-GBW (Typ) (MHz) 0.7Slew rate (Typ) (V/us) 0.3Vos (offset voltage @ 25 C) (Max) (mV) 7Iq per channel (Typ) (mA) 0.35Vn at 1 kHz (Typ) (nV/rtHz)  40Rating  CatalogOperating temperature range (C)0 to 70Offset drift (Typ) (uV/C) 7FeaturesStandard AmpsInput bias current (Max) (pA)150000CMRR (Typ) (dB)80Output current (Typ) (mA)30ArchitectureBipolar  BipolarⅤPackage | Pins | SizePin#Pin NamePin Description1Output AOutput of IC's First (A) Section or Operational Amplifier 12Inverting Input AInverting Input of IC's First (A) Section or Operational Amplifier 13Non Inverting Input ANon Inverting Input of IC's First (A) Section or Operational Amplifier 14Ground (Gnd)Ground / Negative For Both Operational Amplifiers5Inverting Input BInverting Input of IC's Second (B) Section or Operational Amplifier 26Non Inverting Input BNon Inverting Input of IC's Second (B) Section or Operational Amplifier 27Output BOutput of IC's Second (B) Section or Operational Amplifier 28VccPositive Supply of Both Sections / Operational Amplifiers of IC. LM358P FeaturesWide supply range of 3 V to 36 V (B version)Quiescent current: 300 µA per amplifier (B version, typical)Unity-gain bandwidth of 1.2 MHz (B version)Common-mode input voltage range includes ground, enabling direct sensing near groundLow input offset voltage of 3 mV at 25°C (A and B versions, maximum)Internal RF and EMI filter (B version)On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, all parameters are tested unless otherwise noted. On all other products, production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.Applications of LM358PSome important Applications of LM358Audio PreamplifiersSmall Signal AmplificationGeneral op-amp circuitsIntegrator, Summer, Differentiator, adder, Voltage follower and, etc.Digital multimeters, OscilloscopesLoop control & regulationSensor Circuitstop steroids  Dark Sensor CircuitThe circuit shown below is a dark sensor circuit built around the LM358 IC. The circuit is almost the same as the above light sensor circuit, but the different is in this circuit the variable resistor middle pin is connected with pin 2 or inverting input of section A of the IC as a result the circuit will now make the output of Section A high when there is complete darkness or low light also depends on the adjustments of the 20K variable resistor.  LM358P in Dark Sensor Circuit Light Sensor Circuit The circuit shown below is a light sensor circuit built around the LM358 IC. The IC is used here as a comparator. An LED is connected at the output pin 1 which is the output of the operational amplifier 1 or Section A. The 20K variable resistor is used to adjust the sensitivity of the circuit. LM358P in Light Sensor Circuit   Using Example Powerful 12v Audio Amplifier using LM358 IC    LM358P vs LM358PWSource Content uidLM358PLM358PWPart Life Cycle CodeActiveActiveIhs ManufacturerTEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCROCHESTER ELECTRONICS LLCPart Package CodeDIPSOICPackage DescriptionDIP, DIP8,.3GREEN, PLASTIC, TSSOP-8Pin Count88Reach Compliance CodecompliantunknownECCN CodeEAR99 HTS Code8542.33.00.01 Factory Lead Time6 Weeks Date Of Intro28070 Samacsys DescriptionLM358P, Dual Operational Amplifier 0.7MHz 5 to 28V, 8-Pin PDIP Samacsys ManufacturerTexas Instruments Amplifier TypeOPERATIONAL AMPLIFIEROPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERArchitectureVOLTAGE-FEEDBACK Average Bias Current-Max (IIB)0.5 A0.5 ABias Current-Max (IIB) @25C0.15 A Common-mode Reject Ratio-Min65 dB Common-mode Reject Ratio-Nom80 dB80 dBFrequency CompensationYES Input Offset Current-Max (IIO)0.05 A Input Offset Voltage-Max9000 V9000 VJESD-30 CodeR-PDIP-T8R-PDSO-G8JESD-609 Codee3e4Length9.59 mm4.4 mmLow-BiasNO Low-OffsetNO MicropowerNO Number of Functions22Number of Terminals88Operating Temperature-Max70 C70 COperating Temperature-Min  Package Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage CodeDIPTSSOPPackage Equivalence CodeDIP8,.3 Package ShapeRECTANGULARRECTANGULARPackage StyleIN-LINESMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCHPacking MethodTUBE Peak Reflow Temperature (Cel)NOT SPECIFIED260PowerNO Power Supplies+-1.5/+-15/3/30 V Programmable PowerNO Qualification StatusNot Qualified Seated Height-Max5.08 mm1.2 mmSlew Rate-Nom0.3 V/us0.3 V/usSupply Current-Max1.2 mA Supply Voltage Limit-Max32 V32 VSupply Voltage-Nom (Vsup)5 V5 VSurface MountNOYESTechnologyBIPOLARBIPOLARTemperature GradeCOMMERCIALCOMMERCIALTerminal FinishMatte Tin (Sn)NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLDTerminal FormTHROUGH-HOLEGULL WINGTerminal Pitch2.54 mm0.65 mmTerminal PositionDUALDUALTime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)NOT SPECIFIEDNOT SPECIFIEDUnity Gain BW-Nom700 kHz700 kHzVoltage Gain-Min15000 WidebandNO Width7.62 mm3 mmBase Number Matches183Moisture Sensitivity Level 1 Using Warnings Note: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. Component DatasheetLMP38P Datasheet FAQWhich is lm358p datasheet has two op amps?LM358P Datasheet – Dual Operational Amplifier 1 Two internally compensated op amps 2 Eliminates need for dual supplies 3 Allows direct sensing near GND and VOUT also goes to GND 4 Compatible with all forms of logic 5 Power drain suitable for battery operation 6 Pin-out same as LM1558/LM1458 dual op amp. What kind of amplifier is the lm532?The LM532 / LM358 / LM2904 consists of two independent, high gain, internally frequency-compensated operational amplifiers internally frequency-compensated operational amplifiers designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. What are the applications of Texas Instruments lm358p Mouser?High ESD (2kV, HBM) and integrated EMI and RF filters enable the LMx58x/LM2904x/LM2904x-Q1 to be used in the most rugged, environmentally challenging applications. The LM2904x-Q1 devices are AEC-Q100 qualified for automotive applications.    

ATtiny85 is 8-pin Microcontroller. This blog covers ATtiny85 Microcontroller pinout, datasheet, equivalent, features and other information on how to use this device.Arduino Tutorial – ATtiny85 explained in 4 minutes!CatalogATtiny85 PinoutATtiny85 ApplicationsATtiny85 FeaturesATtiny85 AdvantageATtiny85 CircuitATtiny85 PackageATtiny85 Block DiagramATtiny85 ParametersATtiny85 ManufacturerATtiny85 DocumentsATtiny85 Product CompliancesATtiny85 EquivalentsATtiny85 AlternativesHow to use ATtiny85How to Safely Long Run ATtiny85 in CircuitFAQOrdering & QuantityATtiny85 PinoutATtiny85 ApplicationsIndustrial machinery controlling systemsSolar applicationsIOT based applicationsPower supply and charger based applicationsWeather sensor systemsWireless communication applicationsSecurity based applicationsMedical & health equipmentAutomobile related applicationsATtiny85 FeaturesHigh performance designLow power consumption in operating mode on 1.8 volts current consumption is only 300uA & on power down mode current consumption is only 0.1uA on 1.8V.Total number of Analog Input pins are 6Contains 8 kilobytes of flash memoryContains 512 bytes of SRAMContains 512 bytes of EEPROM32 RegistersMinimum & maximum temperature -40 degree centigrade to 105 degree centigradeAdvance RISCLock program functionality for programming code securityContains total two 8-bit timers or counters one with compare mode and other is high speed.Total number of I/O pins are 6Universal Serial interface on pin 5,6 and 7.Contains USI (Universal Serial Interface)4 channels 10 bit ADCWatchdog programmable TimerMinimum and maximum operating voltage from 1.8V DC to 5.5V DCATtiny85 CircuitATtiny85 AdvantageATtiny85 is a small size 8 pin Microcontroller. It is an advance microcontroller with many good features in its small size. It is another famous microcontroller in 8pins small size microcontrollers. It comes with a lot of features which makes it an ideal small size microcontroller to use in different electronic applications. The 8 kilobytes flash memory, 512 bytes EEPROM and 512 bytes SRAM and many other good features makes it a robust small size microcontroller to run variety of program codes.ATtiny85 MicrocontrollerIn other words we can also say it a small arduino but with limited IO pins, small flash memory, EEPROM and SRAM as compare to the ATmega328p but if your code is small and you want a smaller alternative to Arduino board or ATmega328p microcontroller then this chip can be used. Despite of less number of I/O pins the three pins can be used as analog pins to get the input from sensors.There are also two other alternatives of ATtiny85 which are ATtiny25 and ATtiny45. But the amount of Flash, SRAM and EEPROM are different in all of them.ATtiny85 Package8P38S220M1ATtiny85 Block DiagramATtiny85 ParametersProgram Memory TypeFlashProgram Memory Size (KB)8CPU Speed (MIPS/DMIPS)20Data EEPROM/HEF (bytes)512Digital Communication Peripherals1-SPI, 1-I2CCapture/Compare/PWM Peripherals5PWMTimers2 x 8-bitNumber of Comparators1Temperature Range (°C)-40 to 85Operating Voltage Range (V)1.8 to 5.5Pin Count8 ATtiny85 ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Inc. is a leading provider of microcontroller and analog semiconductors, providing low-risk product development, lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide. Headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, Microchip offers outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality.ATtiny85 DocumentsAppendix B - ATtiny25/45/85 Automotive Specification at 1.8V DatasheetATtiny25/45/85 - Complete DatasheetATtiny25/45/85 - Summary DatasheetATtiny25/45/85 Automotive - Complete DatasheetATtiny85 Product CompliancesUSHTS8542310001CNHTS8542319000TARIC8542319000ATtiny85 EquivalentsThe ATtiny85 can be replace with ATtiny25 and ATtiny45 but the amount of Flash memory, EEPROM and SRAM are different in both the alternatives.ATtiny85 AlternativesATtiny25, ATtiny45, ATtiny25V, ATtiny45V, ATtiny85VHow to use ATtiny85ATtiny85 works like any other microcontroller. If stated in one sentence, all that microcontrollers do is execute the application program saved in its memory. So in the case of controllers all there to do is write application program. Without programming controller simply stays idle.Step by step procedure for programming ATtiny85 is explained below:First list the tasks to be done by the designing application.Write down the functions to be executed by controller to complete required tasks.Develop the program code for the functions in IDE software.After writing the program compile it to eliminate errors.Make the IDE generate HEX file for the written program after compiling.This HEX file contains the machine code which should be saved in microcontroller flash memory.Choose the programming device (usually SPI programmer made for AVR microcontrollers) which establishes communication between PC and ATTINY85. You can also program the microcontroller using UART Interface. Programming ATTINY85 can also be done by using ARDUINO boards.Run the programmer software and choose the appropriate hex file.Burn the HEX file of written program in ATTINY85 flash memory using this program.After disconnecting the programmer connect the appropriate peripherals for the controller and get the system started.Once powered, the ATtiny85 executes the machine code saved in its memory to create the programmed response.How to Safely Long Run ATtiny85 in CircuitTo get good performance for a long time or if you want to run the ATtiny85 for many years in your application or project it should be known that microcontrollers are very sensitive devices and the user must take care when working with them.Do not exceed the supply voltage from 5.5V. Always check the voltage source output from an accurate digital millimeter before connecting it to the microcontroller. The DC current on per I/O pin should not be increased from 40mA and the DC current on positive supply and ground pins should not be increased from 200mA.Check the polarity of pins before applying power and if you are soldering it on circuit board check and clean all the pins for short circuit before applying the power. Use IC socket to place the IC on breadboard or on circuit. IC socket also saves the IC from the heat generated from the soldering iron while soldering. The minimum storage temperature is -65 centigrade and maximum is +150 centigrade. However the minimum and maximum temperature for operating the chip is from -55 centigrade to +125 centigrade.Component DatasheetATTINY85 DatasheetFAQWhat can ATtiny85 be used for?ATtiny85 comes with a serial peripheral interface (SPI) that is mainly used for communication between the microcontroller and other peripheral devices such as SD cards, sensors, and shift registers.How do I Program my ATtiny85?1. Go into your Arduino IDE under Tools > Board.2. Select the option under that says ATtiny25/45/85.3. Under Tools, select Processor: ATtiny85 and the Clock: Internal 1 MHz. ...4. Change the Programmer setting to USBtinyISP.5. When you're ready to upload, plug the ATtiny85 into the dedicated socket.Does ATtiny85 Need Crystal?ATtiny microprocessors can use an internal RC oscillator or an external crystal oscillator. External crystal oscillators are more accurate, but require two pins. For these low pin count devices it can be beneficial to use the internal oscillator.What is Digispark ATtiny85?The Digispark is an Attiny85 based microcontroller development board similar to the Arduino line, only cheaper, smaller, and a bit less powerful. ... The Digispark is shipped fully assembled except for the two included and easy to solder headers.How do I Power ATtiny85?This means that you can power it from USB, a tiny button-cell battery, or something in between such as a LiPo. The ATtiny85 (little black square) and a screen can be run on a coin cell. When powered from a USB bus (5v), and running at a clock speed of 1 MHz, the ATtiny85 will consume less than 2 mA.How Do You Use Tiny AVR Programmer?The Tiny AVR Programmer plugs directly into your USB port and provides a programming socket for the ATTiny45 and 85. Just slot an ATTiny into the socket, plug the programmer into your USB port and start up the Arduino IDE.How Do I Program ATtiny85 with USBasp?How to Program and Bootload ATtiny85 With USBaspStep 1: Downloads and Materials. The first step to program your ATtiny85 is to download the necessary files to achieve this. ...Step 2: Using the ATtiny Core Files. First you need to extract the files from within the zip file. ...Step 3: Connecting the Pins. ...Step 4: Uploading Your Sketch. ...How do I Program My Raspberry Pi ATtiny85?Step 1: Setup the Raspberry Pi. At the terminal of the Pi: ...Step 2: Electrical Connections. Connect up the ATtiny85 to the Raspberry Pi GPIO (wire colours from the picture are given for reference): ...Step 3: Test Avrdude Connection. ...Step 4: Program the ATtiny85.