The Kynix Components

 CatalogDescriptionPin ConfigurationFunctional DiagramFeaturesApplicationsESD ProtectionDatasheetProduct AttributesManufacturerUsing WarningDescriptionThe MAX14979E is optimized for high-speed differential switching applications. The device is ideal for low-voltage differential signal (LVDS) and low-volt-age positive emitter-coupled logic (LVPECL) switching applications. The MAX14979E provides enhanced electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection up to Q15kV and excellent high-frequency response, making this device especially useful for interfaces that must go to an outside connection. The MAX14979E provides extremely low capacitance (CON) as well as low resistance (RON) for low-insertion loss and bandwidth up to 650MHz (1.3Gbps). In addition to the four pairs of double-pole/double-throw (DPDT) switches, the MAX14979E provides low-frequency (up to 50MHz) and AUX switching that can be used for LED lighting or other applications. The MAX14979E is available in a space-saving 36-pin TQFN package and operates over the standard -40℃to +85℃ temperature range. Pin Configuration Figure: MAX14979E Pin Configuration Functional Diagram Figure: MAX14979E Functional Diagram Features±15kV ESD Protected per MIL-STD-883, Method 3015Single +3.0V to +3.6V Power-Supply Voltage  Low On-Resistance (RON): 4I (typ), 6.5I (max)  Low On-Capacitance (CON): 8pF (typ)-23dB Return Loss (100MHz)-3dB Bandwidth: 650MHz Built-In AUX Switches for Switching IndicatorsLow 450µA (max) Quiescent CurrentBidirectional 8 to 16 Multiplexer/DemultiplexerSpace-Saving, Lead-Free, 36-Pin, 6mm x 6mm TQFN Package ApplicationsNotebook ComputersSwitch LVDS to Graphics PanelsLVDS and LVPECL Switching ESD ProtectionThe MAX14979E is characterized using the HBM for Q15kV of ESD protection. The figure below shows the HBM. This model consists of a 100pF capacitor charged to the ESD voltage of interest, which is then discharged into the test device through a 1.5kI resistor. All signal and control pins are ESD protected to Q15kV HBM. Figure: ESD Test Model (MIL-STD-883, Method 3015) DatasheetMAX14979E-Datasheet Product AttributesManufacturer:Maxim IntegratedProduct Category:Analog Switch ICsRoHS:DetailsMounting Style:SMD/SMTPackage / Case:TQFN-36Number of Channels:4 ChannelConfiguration:4 x DPDTOn Resistance - Max:5.5 OhmsSupply Voltage - Min:3 VSupply Voltage - Max:3.6 VOn Time - Max:50 nsOff Time - Max:50 nsMinimum Operating Temperature:- 40 ℃Maximum Operating Temperature:+ 85 ℃Series:MAX14979EPackaging:TubeSupply Type:Single SupplyBrand:Maxim IntegratedSupply Current - Max:450 uAPd - Power Dissipation:2.85 mWProduct Type:Analog Switch ICsFactory Pack Quantity:50Subcategory:Switch ICsSwitch Continuous Current:120 mA ManufacturerMaxim Integrated, a subsidiary of Analog Devices, designs, manufactures, and sells analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for the automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, and computing markets. Maxim's product portfolio includes power and battery management ICs, sensors, analog ICs, interface ICs, communications solutions, digital ICs, embedded security, and microcontrollers. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, and has design centers, manufacturing facilities, and sales offices worldwide. Using WarningNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. 

SS14 is a surface mount High Power Schottky Rectifier.SS14 is a Schottky diode with a reverse withstand voltage of 40V. Schottky tube is characterized by fast working speed, large current, but low reverse withstand voltage (SS14 only 40V), so it can not be directly replaced with ordinary rectifier tubes (such as 1N4007).This blog provides you with a basic overview of the SS14 Schottky Diodes, including its pin descriptions, functions and specifications, alternative products, etc., to help you quickly understand what SS14 is.CatalogSS14 PinoutSS14 FeaturesSS14 ApplicationsSS14 AlternativeSS14 AlternativeSS14 Mechanical DataSS14 PackageSS14 ParametersSS14 Product ComplianceComponent DatasheetSS14 PinoutPin No.Pin NameDescription1AnodeCurrent always Enters through Anode2CathodeCurrent always Exits through CathodeSS14 FeaturesLow profile packageIdeal for automated placementGuardring for overvoltage protectionLow power losses, high efficiencyLow forward voltage dropHigh surge capabilityMeets MSL level 1, per J-STD-020, LF maximum peak of 260 °CAEC-Q101 qualified availableAutomotive ordering code: base P/NHE3 or P/NHM3SS14 ApplicationsFor use in low voltage, high frequency inverters, freewheeling, DC/DC converters, and polarity protection applications.SS14 Alternative1N5819, SS12, SS13, SS15, SS16SS14 Diode Brief NoteThe cathode terminal can be identified by using the color band. The marking details on the actual diode is shown below.In our case the diode will have SS14 written on top of it. Compared to normal diodes Schottky diode also has relatively faster switching speeds and hence can be used in high frequency switching circuits. It also has low forward drop voltage, the voltage drop across the SS14 diode is 0.5V. SS14 diode has a guard ring structure across the metal-semiconductor junction for stress protection.As shown in the graph the SS14 Diode has a minimum voltage drop of around 0.2V across it when 0.1A is flowing through it, as the current increases the Voltage drop across the diode also increases. The maximum current through the diode is 1A during when then voltage drop is only 0.5V.The maximum reverse voltage is 40V. It can also handle a maximum surge of 30A. The complete details of the diode can be found at the datasheet below.SS14 Mechanical DataCase: SMA (DO-214AC)Molding compound meets UL 94 V-0 flammability ratingBase P/N-E3 - RoHS-compliant, commercial gradeBase P/N-M3 - halogen-free, RoHS-compliant, commercial gradeBase P/NHE3_X - RoHS-compliant and AEC-Q101 qualifiedBase P/NHM3_X - halogen-free, RoHS-compliant, and AEC-Q101 qualified (“_X” denotes revision code e.g. A, B, .....)Terminals: matte tin plated leads, solderable per J-STD-002 and JESD 22-B102E3, M3, HE3, and HM3 suffix meets JESD 201 class 2 whisker testPolarity: color band denotes the cathode endSS14 PackageSMA (DO-214AC)　　 SS14 ParametersAdditional FeatureLOW POWER LOSS, FREE WHEELING DIODEBrandVishay SemiconductorsCase/PackageSMAConfigurationSINGLEConfigurationSingleCurrent1ADiode Element MaterialSILICONDiode TypeRECTIFIER DIODEECCN CodeEAR99Element ConfigurationSingleForward Current1AForward Voltage500mVHeight2.09 mmHTS Code8541.10.00.80If - Forward Current1 AIfsm - Forward Surge Current40 AIhs ManufacturerVISHAY SEMICONDUCTORSIr - Reverse Current200 uAJEDEC-95 CodeDO-214ACJESD-30 CodeR-PDSO-C2JESD-609 Codee0Length4.6mmManufacturerVishayManufacturer Part NumberSS14ManufacturerVishay SemiconductorsMax Forward Surge Current (Ifsm)40AMax Operating Temperature125°CMax Repetitive Reverse Voltage (Vrrm)40VMax Reverse Current200uAMaximum Operating Temperature+ 125 CMinimum Operating Temperature- 65 CMountSurface MountMounting StyleSMD/SMTNumber of Elements1Number of Pins2Number of Terminals2Output Current-Max1 APackage Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage DescriptionR-PDSO-C2Package ShapeRECTANGULARPackage StyleSMALL OUTLINEPart Life Cycle CodeObsoletePart Package CodeDO-214ACPeak Reflow Temperature (Cel)240Pin Count2Product CategorySchottky Diodes & RectifiersProductSchottky RectifiersQualification StatusNot QualifiedReach Compliance CodeUnknownRep Pk Reverse Voltage-Max40 VRisk Rank7.53Rohs CodeNoSubcategoryDiodes & RectifiersSurface MountYESTechnologySCHOTTKYTechnologySiTerminal FinishTIN LEADTerminal FormC BENDTerminal PositionDUALTime@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s)30TypeSchottky DiodeUnit Weight0.003739 ozVf - Forward Voltage0.5 VVoltage30VVrrm - Repetitive Reverse Voltage40 VWidth2.9mmSS14 Product ComplianceUSHTS8541100080TARIC8541100000Component DatasheetSS14 Datasheet 

DescriptionThe TDA2822 is a dual-channel, single-chip power amplifier integrated circuit developed by StMICROelectronics. It is commonly used as an audio amplifier in portable cassette players, cassette recorders, and multimedia active speakers. It has the characteristics of simple circuit, good sound quality, wide voltage range and so on. It can work in the circuit form of stereo sound and bridge amplification (BTL).How to Make a Stereo Amplifier Using IC TDA2822 ?CatalogDescriptionTDA2822 PinoutTDA2822 CAD ModelTDA2822 ParameterTDA2822 ApplicationsTDA2822 FeaturesTDA2822 AdvantagesWhere to use TDA2822 Amplifier ICHow to use TDA2822 AmplifierTDA2822 Schematic DiagramTDA2822 Documents and MediaTDA2822 Environmental and Export ClassificationsTDA2822 CircuitOrdering & QuantityTDA2822 PinoutPin NumberPin NameDescription1,3OutputProvides the amplified Audio output5,8Inverting Input (IN-)The Inverting Pin of an amplifier is normally grounded6,7Non-Inverting Input (IN+)The Non-Inverting pin is provided with the audio signal4Vcc-Connected to the negative supply rail2Vcc+Connected to Positive Supply RailTDA2822 CAD ModelTDA2822 SymbolTDA2822 FootprintTDA2822 ParameterAudio - Load Impedance8 OhmsBase Product NumberTDA2822BrandSTMicroelectronicsCategoryIntegrated Circuits (ICs)Linear - Amplifiers - AudioClassClass-ABDescription/FunctionHeadphone/SpeakerFactory Pack Quantity 25Features-Gain39 dBHeight4.59 mmIb - Input Bias Current0.1 uAInput TypeSingleLength20 mmManufacturer:STMicroelectronics      Max Output Power x Channels @ Load3.2W x 1 @ 8Ohm; 1.7W x 2 @ 4OhmMaximum Operating Temperature:   + 150 CMfrSTMicroelectronicsMinimum Operating Temperature- 40 CMounting StyleThrough HoleNumber of Channels2 ChannelOperating Supply Current12 mAOperating Supply Voltage5 V, 9 V, 12 VOperating Temperature-40°C ~ 150°C (TJ)Output Current1500 mAOutput Power3.2 WOutput Signal TypeDifferential, SingleOutput Type1-Channel (Mono) or 2-Channel (Stereo)PackageTubePackage / Case16-DIP (0.300", 7.62mm)Package / CasePDIP-16PackagingTubePart StatusObsoletePd - Power Dissipation4000 mWProductAudio AmplifiersPSRR - Power Supply Rejection Ratio40 dBSeriesTDA2822SubcategoryAudio ICsSupplier Device Package16-PowerDIPSupply TypeSingleSupply Voltage – Max15 VSupply Voltage – Min3 VTHD plus Noise0.2 %TypeClass ABType1-Channel Mono or 2-Channel Stereo     Unit Weight0.057419 ozVoltage – Supply·3V ~ 15VWidth7.1 mmTDA2822 ApplicationsAM and FM Radio amplifiersPortable music playersLow Power Audio amplifiersWien bridge oscillatorPower AmplifiersAudio boostersTDA2822 FeaturesDual Amplifiers in one DIP-8 similar for LM368.Give power watts at 1W + 1W at 4 ohms speakers.It is enough. We are happy Listening in our corner.Start voltage supply of 1.8V to 15V. The wide a lot.Save energy with only 6mA, Min.The bandwidth expansion rates at 40dB 120kHz.Cheap and easy to useTDA2822 AdvantagesTDA2822 is a low power stereo Op Amplifier used in Walkman players and Hearing aids. It can give 250 mW output. TDA2822 is an ideal Op amp for low output applications. It is a good choice as a preamplifier in stereo high power amplifier circuits. It has two inputs and two outputs which can deliver 250 milli watts output power. The amplifier circuit with in the IC is well set for noise free operation. Outputs can be directly coupled to the speakers through the decoupling capacitors.Where to use TDA2822 Amplifier ICThe TDA2822 is a Dual Audio Amplifier IC, meaning it has two Op-Amps inside its package, and they are commonly used for audio amplification because of their wide bandwidth gain. The two outputs can deliver 250 milliwatts output power. This IC can be used in portable audio systems, preamplifiers, hearing aid mini radio, headphone amplifier, etc.So if you are looking for a dual package Operational amplifier IC with high-gain, and wide bandwidth for audio amplification, then this IC might be the right choice for you.How to use TDA2822 AmplifierAn application circuit from TDA2822 datasheet is given belowThe left load is connected to output pin 1 of the IC through electrolytic capacitor C4, and the right load is connected to output pin 3 through electrolytic capacitor C5. The Inverting Input Pins (5 and 8) are connected to the ground via electrolytic capacitors. Non-Inverting Input Pins (7 and 6) are connected to input1 and input2. Pin 2 is connected to DC supply and pin 4 is connected to ground. Electrolytic capacitor C3 connected across VCC and ground, work as a filter capacitor.TDA2822 Schematic DiagramTDA2822 Documents and MediaDatasheetsTDA2822Design ResourcesDevelopment Tool SelectorHTML DatasheetTDA2822TDA2822 Environmental and Export ClassificationsAttributeDescriptionRoHS StatusROHS3 CompliantMoisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)1 (Unlimited) TDA2822 CircuitTDA2822 Test Circuit (Stereo)TDA2822 Test Circuit (Bridge)TDA2822 Typical Application in Portable PlayersTDA2822 Low Cost Application in Portable PlayersTDA2822 3V Stereo Cassette Player with Motot Speed Control

IntroductionThe CD4066 is a quad bilateral switch which can be applied for switching of analog signals and digital signals. It consists of four independent analog switches, each with three terminals: input, output and control. When the control terminal is applied with high power level, the switch is on. When the control terminal is added with low power level, the switch is closed. The input terminal and output terminal can be used interchangeably. This configuration eliminates the variation of the switch-transistor threshold voltage with input signal and, thus, keeps the on-state resistance low over the full operating-signal range. The advantages over single-channel switches include peak input-signal voltage swings equal to the full supply voltage and more constant on-state impedance over the input-signal range. This article introduces two application examples of CD4066 analog switch.CatalogIntroductionCatalogI Track-and-Hold Circuit of SignalII Interchanging Display Circuit of Four Ways of Electronic SignalFAQOrdering & QuantityI Track-and-Hold Circuit of SignalFigure 1. Track-and-Hold Circuit of SignalThe analog signal Ui is from the in-phase input of the operational amplifier. When the control terminal of the analog switch is at high level, the analog switch is on, and the capacitor C is charged to Ui. This process is called the sampling of the input signal. When the sampling is over, the control terminal of the analog switch is low level and the analog switch is off. Because the resistance is as high as 100M when the analog switch is off, and the input impedance of operational amplifier A2 is also very high, the sampling signal can be maintained on the capacitor C.II Interchanging Display Circuit of Four Ways of Electronic SignalA general single line oscilloscope can only display one continuous signal. But this device can display four continuous signals simultaneously in a single line oscilloscope. It is very convenient to compare the time relation of different signals.Figure 2. Interchanging Display Circuit of Four Ways of Electronic SignalFigure 2 is the circuit diagram of the device. It uses a CD4017 counter and oscillator to form a four-beat circuit to control the four analog switches in two CD4066. Adjustable DC level and one input signal are added respectively on each pair of analog switches. When the control end of the analog switch is high level 1, the analog switch is on. The DC level and input signal are sent to the y-axis input end of the oscilloscope. Because the four signals correspond to different DC levels, the four signals display separately on the oscilloscope. Although the four pairs of analog switches are controlled by the counter's Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 output terminal, the flicker of the waveform is small due to the high oscillation frequency of the oscillator.FAQWhat is CD4066?The CD4066 is a Quad Bilateral Switch IC, that is, it has four switches which can be controlled individual using a control pin. These switches can conduct in both the directions making it bilateral, it is commonly used for multiplexing analog or digital signals.How to use CD4066?The CD4066 IC consists of four switches. It can switch analog signals through digital control. An analog signal is applied at the input of the switch. If a HIGH or 1 value is fed into the control input, the analog signal will be passed from input to the output of a switch.How CD4066 work?The 4066 really functions as an analog switch. The 4066 is an IC composed of switches which are designed to switch analog signals via digital control. ... The 4066 is a quad bilateral switch circuit, meaning that is composed of 4 switches. Each switch has a single input and a single output terminal.What are the applications of CD4066？The CD4066 is a bi-directional analog switching IC similar to CD4016, it is commonly used in multiplexing applications; it can also be used to isolate signals. The switch is bilateral and hence can be used for both digital and analog signals.What's the difference between CD4016 and CD4066？The major difference between both is that CD4066 has very low internal resistance, according to the datasheet it can only 5Ω of on-state resistance as compared with 200Ω of CD4016 IC.

PIC16F877a is a PIC Microcontroller.PIC16F877a can be write-erase as many times as possible because it uses FLASH memory technology. It has a total number of 40 pins and there are 33 pins for input and output. PIC16F877A is used in many pic microcontroller projects.This post will introduce you to the basic information about PIC16F877a PIC Microcontroller. You will learn some common descriptions, including:A Basic Introduction to PIC16F877ACatalogPIC16F877a PinoutPIC16F877a ApplicationsPIC16F877a FeaturesPIC16F877a AdvantagePIC16F877a CircuitPIC16F877a ParametersPIC16F877a ManufacturerPIC16F877a DocumentsHow to Program PIC16F877aComponent DatasheetFAQPIC16F877a PinoutPin NumberPin NameDescription1MCLR/VppMCLR is used during programming, mostly connected to programmer like PicKit2RA0/AN0Analog pin 0 or 0th pin of PORTA3RA1/AN1Analog pin 1 or 1st pin of PORTA4RA2/AN2/Vref-Analog pin 2 or 2nd pin of PORTA5RA3/AN3/Vref+Analog pin 3 or 3rd pin of PORTA6RA4/T0CKI/C1out4th pin of PORTA7RA5/AN4/SS/C2outAnalog pin 4 or 5th pin of PORTA8RE0/RD/AN5Analog pin 5 or 0th pin of PORTE9RE1/WR/AN6Analog pin 6 or 1st pin of PORTE10RE2/CS/AN77th pin of PORTE11VddGround pin of MCU12VssPositive pin of MCU (+5V)13OSC1/CLKIExternal Oscillator/clock input pin14OSC2/CLKOExternal Oscillator/clock output pin15RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI0th pin of PORT C16RC1/T1OSI/CCP21st pin of POCTC or Timer/PWM pin17RC2/CCP12nd pin of POCTC or Timer/PWM pin18RC3/SCK/SCL3rd pin of POCTC19RD0/PSP00th pin of POCTD20RD1/PSPI1st pin of POCTD21RD2/PSP22nd pin of POCTD22RD3/PSP33rd pin of POCTD23RC4/SDI/SDA4th pin of POCTC or Serial Data in pin24RC5/SDO5th pin of POCTC or Serial Data Out pin25RC6/Tx/CK6th pin of POCTC or Transmitter pin of Microcontroller26RC7/Rx/DT7th pin of POCTC or Receiver pin of Microcontroller27RD4/PSP44th pin of POCTD28RD5/PSP55th pin of POCTD29RD6/PSP66th pin of POCTD30RD7/PSP77th pin of POCTD31VssPositive pin of MCU (+5V)32VddGround pin of MCU33RB0/INT0th pin of POCTB or External Interrupt pin34RB11st pin of POCTB35RB22nd pin of POCTB36RB3/PGM3rd pin of POCTB or connected to programmer37RB44th pin of POCTB38RB55th pin of POCTB39RB6/PGC6th pin of POCTB or connected to programmer40RB7/PGD7th pin of POCTB or connected to programmerPIC16F877a ApplicationsPIC16F877A is used in many pic microcontroller projects. PIC16F877A also have much application in digital electronics circuits. PIC16f877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation and many industrial instruments.PIC16F877a Features8K of Code space256 Bytes of EEPROM384 bytes SRAM8-level deep hardware stackUp to 20 MHz clock1 16-bit, 2 8-bit timersSyncronous Serial Port – SPI and I2CUSART8 channel, 10-bit ADCBrown-Out Reset2 Analog ComparatorsCapture, Compare, PWM modulePIC16F877a AdvantagePIC16F877a MicrocontrollerPIC16F877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation and many industrial instruments. An EEPROM is also featured in it which makes it possible to store some of the information permanently like transmitter codes and receiver frequencies and some other related data. The cost of this controller is low and its handling is also easy. It is flexible and can be used in areas where microcontrollers have never been used before as in microprocessor applications and timer functions etc.PIC16F877a CircuitDesign this circuit in proteus. Connect the pins with the source, ground and oscillator as explained in the pin description section.Connect 8MHz oscillator with OSCI and OSC2 through two 22 pico farad capacitors.Provide 5 volt to Reset pin through 10k ohm resistor. Resistor is not shown in simulation, but you should connect resistor while making circuit practically.An LED is connected on pin 33 RB0, a resistor is used to limit the current and to prevent the LED from burning up. Write and compile the program in mikro C pro.Burn the microcontroller with the hex file by double clicking on the controller in proteus and run the circuit successfully. best way to learn any microcontroller is to check its data sheet.Pic kit3 is a famous programmer used to upload code to microchip chips, How to program using Pic kit3 is a good source to read.PIC16F877a ParametersProgram Memory TypeFlashProgram Memory Size (KB)14CPU Speed (MIPS/DMIPS)5SRAM (B)368Data EEPROM/HEF (bytes)256Digital Communication Peripherals1-UART, 1-SPI, 1-I2C1-MSSP(SPI/I2C)Capture/Compare/PWM Peripherals2 Input Capture, 2 CCPTimers2 x 8-bit, 1 x 16-bitADC Input8 ch, 10-bitNumber of Comparators2Temperature Range (°C)-40 to 125Operating Voltage Range (V)2 to 5.5Pin Count40PIC16F877a ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Inc. is a leading provider of microcontroller and analog semiconductors, providing low-risk product development, lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide. Headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, Microchip offers outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality.PIC16F877a DocumentsPIC Microcontroller Compiled Tips 'n Tricks GuidePIC16F87X to PIC16F87XA MigrationPIC16F87XA-PIC16F88X MigrationHow to Program PIC16F877aAs we have studied 5 input and output ports namely PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, PORTD and PORTE which can be digital as well as analog.We will configure them according to our requirements. But in case of analog mode, the pins or the ports can only act as inputs. There is a built in A to D converter which is used in such cases. Multiplexer circuits are also used.But in digital mode, there is no restriction. We can configure the ports as output or as input. This is done through programming. For PIC the preferable compiler is mikro C pro which can be downloaded from their website.There is a register named as ‘TRIS’ which controls the direction of ports. For different ports there are different registers such as TRISA, TRISB etc.If we set a bit of the TRIS register to 0, the corresponding port bit will act as the digital output.If we set a bit of the TRIS register to 1, the corresponding port bit will act as the digital input.For example to set the whole portb to output we can write the program statement as:　　TRISB=0;Now the port will act as the output port and we can send any value on the output such as　　PORTB=0XFF;FF represents all 1’s in binary i.e. FF=11111111, now all the pins of port b are high. If we connect LEDs at all the pins then they will all start glowing in this condition.If we want to negate the values of the port b we can use the statement:　　PORTB=~PORTB;Now all the pins of the port b will be low.Component DatasheetPIC16F877A DatasheetFAQWhat is PIC16F877a?PIC16F877a is a PIC Microcontroller and is normally used in Embedded Projects like Home Automation System, Bank Security System etc.How Many Bit Microcontroller is PIC16F877a?8This powerful (200 nanosecond instruction execution) yet easy-to-program (only 35 single word instructions) CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller packs Microchip's powerful PIC® architecture into an 40- or 44-pin package and is upwards compatible with the PIC16C5X, PIC12CXXX and PIC16C7X devices.What is the Use of PIC16F877a?PIC16F877a is used in many pic microcontroller projects. PIC16F877a also have much application in digital electronics circuits. PIC16f877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation and many industrial instruments.How Many Timers Are in PIC16F877a?Three timersThe PIC16F877A basically has three timer modules. These timer module terminals are also multiplexed with other functions for handling alternate functions. These three-timer modules as named as TIMER 0, TIMER 1 and TIMER 2. These modules help to perform various timer, Counter or PWM Generation.How Do You Use Timer0 on PIC16F877a?Code　　1. Calculate the Timer Count for the required delay.　　2. Set the Presaclar bits in OPTION_REG as per the delay calculations.　　3. Clear the PSAbit for using the prescalar.　　4. Select the Clock Source Internal/External using TOCS bit.　　5. Load the timer value into TMRO register.　　6. Enable the Timer0 Interrupt by setting TMR0IE bit.How Do you Interrupt in PIC16F877a?Multiple External Interrupts in PIC16F877ABefore Initializing the Interrupt first store the PORTB value into one variable.Enable PORTB Change Interrupt.Connect external Interrupts pins to RB4, RB5, RB6 and RB7 (PORTB. ...Whenever ISR hits, you need to read PORTB value and compare with old PORTB value using XOR method.How many pins does PIC16F877a have?It has a total number of 40 pins and there are 33 pins for input and output. PIC16F877A is used in many pic microcontroller projects. PIC16F877A also have many application in digital electronics circuits. PIC16f877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices.

LM358 is a dual op-amp IC integrated with two op-amps that are powered by a common power supply, these two amplifiers are independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers, they were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. This is an interesting video demostrates how to make a smart Li-ion battery charger using LM358N.CatalogLM358N PinoutLM358N ParameterLM358N FeaturesLM358N AdvantagesLM358N vs LM358PLM358N CAD ModelsLM358N Schematic DiagramLM358N ApplicationsLM358N Application CircuitsLM358N PackageLM358N ManufacturerComponent DatasheetFAQLM358N PinoutLM358NLM358N Pinout LM358N ParameterNumber of channels (#)2Total supply voltage (Max) (+5V=5, +/-5V=10)32Total supply voltage (Min) (+5V=5, +/-5V=10)3Rail-to-railIn to V-GBW (Typ) (MHz)1Slew rate (Typ) (V/us)0.1Vos (offset voltage @ 25 C) (Max) (mV)7Iq per channel (Typ) (mA)0.25Vn at 1 kHz (Typ) (nV/rtHz)40RatingCatalogOperating temperature range (C)0 to 70Offset drift (Typ) (uV/C)7Features-Input bias current (Max) (pA)150000CMRR (Typ) (dB)85Output current (Typ) (mA)20ArchitectureBipolarLM358N FeaturesInternally frequency compensated for unity gainLarge DC voltage gain: 100 dBWide bandwidth (unity gain): 1 MHz (temperature compensated)Wide power supply range: 3V to 32V (single supply); ±1.5V to ±16V (dual supplies)Very low supply current drain (500 µA) - essentially independent of supply voltageLow input offset voltage: 2 mVInput common-mode voltage range includes groundDifferential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltageLarge output voltage swingLM358N AdvantagesTwo internally compensated op ampsEliminates need for dual suppliesAllows direct sensing near GND and VOUT also goes to GNDCompatible with all forms of logicPower drain suitable for battery operationLM358N vs LM358PThe suffix denotes the manufacturer's packaging code.The 'N' is used by most manufacturers for the plastic 8-pin package.The 'P' is used by a few manufacturers for the plastic 8-pin package.There is NO difference between the two devices, just the mfgrs.LM358N CAD ModelsPart SymbolFootprint3D ModelLM358N Schematic DiagramLM358N Schematic DiagramLM358N ApplicationsTransducer AmplifiersConventional op-amp circuitsIntegrator, Differentiator, Summer, adder, Voltage follower, etc.,DC gain blocks, Digital multimeters, OscilloscopesComparators (Loop control & regulation)LM358N Application CircuitsPower AmplifierLED DriverVoltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)DC Coupled Low-Pass RC Active FilterAC Coupled Inverting AmplifierYou can find more application circuits in the LM358N datasheet at the bottom of this page.LM358N PackageLM358N ManufacturerTexas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American technology company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globally. It is one of the top 10 semiconductor companies worldwide based on sales volume. The company's focus is on developing analog chips and embedded processors, which account for more than 80% of its revenue. TI also produces TI digital light processing technology and education technology products including calculators, microcontrollers and multi-core processors. The company holds 45,000 patents worldwide as of 2016.Component DatasheetLM358N DatasheetFAQWhat is LM358 op amp?LM358 is a dual op-amp IC integrated with two op-amps powered by a common power supply. It can be considered as one half of LM324 Quad op-amp which contains four op-amps with common power supply. The differential input voltage range can be equal to that of power supply voltage.What is LM358 used for?It is used in detector circuits. The abbreviation LM358 indicates an 8-pin integrated circuit, comprising two operational amplifiers at low power. The LM358 is designed for general use as amplifiers, high-pass filters, low band pass filters, and analog adders.What is a dual op amp?Dual Supply op amp has two supply rails with reference to GND to an opamp i.e +VCC and -VCC rails. Your applied voltage can swing between these two voltage levels. Hence, the output signal can swing only between these voltage(+VCC and -VCC) limits and they cannot exceed above these levels.What is operational amplifier in electronics?An operational amplifier is an integrated circuit that can amplify weak electric signals. An operational amplifier has two input pins and one output pin. Its basic role is to amplify and output the voltage difference between the two input pins.