The Kynix Components

PN2222 is a conjoint NPN bipolar junction transistor which is used for common persistence less power intensifying or swapping circuits applications. This blog covers the basic information of PN2222 from its pinout, features, equivalents to its use, working principle, and its difference between 2N2222 and so on. Anyway, hope this blog helps and thanks for reading!CatalogPN2222 PinoutPN2222 FeaturesPN2222 Absolute RatingsPN2222 EquivalentPN2222 vs 2N2222Where to use PN2222 transistorPN2222 Working PrinciplePN2222 ApplicationsPN2222 PackagePN2222 Popularity by RegionPN2222 ManufacturerComponent DatasheetFAQPN2222 PinoutPN2222PN2222 Pinout Pin NumberPin Name Description1CollectorThe emitter is for the current inward movement.2BaseThe base controls the biasing of the transistor.3EmitterEmitter is for current drainage out.PN2222 FeaturesIt is bi-polar higher current user NPN transistor.It DC gain is (hFE ) is 100.Its incessant Collector current (IC) is 800mA.Its (VBE) Emitter-base voltage is six volts.Its voltage between collector and emitter is thirty volts.Extreme base current Ib is 5mA.It's accessible in To-92 Compendium.Its collector intemperance factor is 0.625 W.Its changeover frequency is 300 MHz.It has a functioning and storing connection temperature range -55 to +150 °C.PN2222 Absolute RatingsPN2222 EquivalentPart NumberDescriptionManufacturerPN2222/D27ZTRANSISTORS500mA, 30V, NPN, Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-92Texas InstrumentsPN2222/J18ZTRANSISTORS500mA, 30V, NPN, Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-92Texas InstrumentsPN2222/D74ZTRANSISTORS500mA, 30V, NPN, Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-92Texas InstrumentsPN2222/J05ZTRANSISTORS500mA, 30V, NPN, Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-92Texas InstrumentsPN2222/D81ZTRANSISTORS500mA, 30V, NPN, Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-92Texas InstrumentsPN2222TRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.6A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-92, TO-92, 3 PINFairchild Semiconductor CorporationPN2222BUTRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.6A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-92, LEAD FREE, TO-92, 3 PINFairchild Semiconductor CorporationPN2222TARTRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.6A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-92, LEAD FREE, TO-92, 3 PINFairchild Semiconductor CorporationPN2222TFRTRANSISTORS600mA, 30V, NPN, Si, SMALL SIGNAL TRANSISTOR, TO-92, LEAD FREE, TO-92, 3 PINRochester Electronics LLCPN2222_J61ZTRANSISTORSSmall Signal Bipolar Transistor, 0.6A I(C), 30V V(BR)CEO, 1-Element, NPN, Silicon, TO-92, LEAD FREE, TO-92, 3 PINFairchild Semiconductor CorporationPN2222 vs 2N22222N2222 is the most common NPN bipolar junction transistor available in the market. Same as PN2222, it can be used for amplification of analog signals as well as switching applications. For most purposes, they are interchangeable. But there are subtle differences between them. Firstly, package, PN2222 is in a molded-epoxy TO-92; 2N2222 is in a TO-18 metal can. Secondly, gain and leakage characteristics, PN2222A is properly a repackaging of 2N2222A, a better version of 2N2222.Where to use PN2222 transistorPN2222,  just like the generally used NPN transistor BC547. Nevertheless, there are two significant topographies which differentiate both of them. It can permit collector current up to 800mA and as well has power intemperance of 652mW.  Due to this, it is used for larger loads then BC547. So if you are considering for an NPN transistor which can switch loads of large current user,  then PN2222 will be the right option for your industrial developments.PN2222 Working PrincipleLike other transistors, PN2222 can be used as an amplifier and switch. Voltage crossways of base and emitter are six volts, so we have to apply these voltage crossways base and emitter to persuade a base current of the transistor. This will change it to forward biasing and consequently completions the linking between collector and emitter. One important thing in this circuit is the base resistor which is a current preventive resistor. This resistor in the circuit is for limit the coming current which can damage the transistor. Its value can be found by the given equation.RB = VBE / IBTo mark things modest, I have exposed a basic circuit of the transistor as a switch. In a real circuit, alterations must be vital. In this circuit, I supplied five volts to the base and 1K resistor to limit the current.Notice that in this circuit motor consumes around 500mA by the 12V supply source, meanwhile the PN2222 rating of the collector up to 800mA, which shows the importance that if we have BC547 in the circuit it would be damaged.PN2222 ApplicationsIt is used where higher current consumer loads in the circuit.It is used in numerous swapping submissions.It used to control the speed of different types of motors.It used in inversion and rectification circuits.It also used in Darlington pairs.PN2222 PackagePN2222 Popularity by RegionPN2222 ManufacturerON Semiconductor is driving energy efficient innovations, empowering customers to reduce global energy use. The company offers a comprehensive portfolio of energy efficient power and signal management, logic, discrete and custom solutions to help design engineers solve their unique design challenges in automotive, communications, computing, consumer, industrial, LED lighting, medical, military/aerospace and power supply applications.Component DatasheetPN2222 DatasheetFAQWhat is a PN2222?The PN2222 is a conjoint NPN bipolar junction transistor which is used for common persistence less power intensifying or swapping circuits applications. It is intended for low to intermediate current, squat power, intermediate voltage and can activate at a temperately higher speed.How do you know if a transistor is NPN or PNP?Depending on what is added to the silicon, it will be either N-type or P-type. An NPN transistor has a piece of P-type silicon (the base) sandwiched between two pieces of N-type (the collector and emitter). In a PNP transistor, the type of the layers are reversed.What exactly does a transistor do?A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. ... It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.What is 2N2222A transistor used for?The 2N2222A is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor commonly used in general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. Featuring low to medium current needs and operable at moderately high speeds. 

Product OverviewD882 is a general-purpose transistor mainly famous for its high performance. It falls under the category of NPN transistor and is an ideal pick for commercial, educational, and hobbyists’ electronic projects. It comes in TO-126 with collector current 3A, projecting it can drive loads under 3A. There are three pins incorporated on the transistor that are used for external connection with the electrical project. The collector-emitter and collector-base voltages are 30V and 40V respectively with emitter-base voltage 5V, indicating only 5V are required to bias the component. Video: How check D882 transistor with maltimeter || AV ELECTRONICALCatalogProduct OverviewD882 FeaturesD882 PinoutD882 Working PrincipleD882 AlternativesPNP ComplementaryD882 Power RatingsD882 ApplicationsD882 SpecificationD882 ManufacturerD882 DatasheetUsing WarningsD882 FAQ D882 FeaturesHigh currentLow saturation voltage D882 PinoutThe following figure is the diagram of D882 pinout. D882 pinout D882 Working PrincipleThe overall transistor action starts from the base pin. The base terminal behaves like a control valve that controls the number of electrons emitted from the emitter terminal which are then collected by the collector terminal that is coupled with a resistor to control the electrical current. Recall, in NPN transistor the positive voltage supply is applied at the base terminal. The P-doped layer in NPN transistor represents the base terminal and the other two n-doped layers represent emitter and collector terminals which are negative. D882 Structure Also, this base terminal controls the number of holes in the PNP transistors, as holes are majority carriers in PNP transistors. When 5V is applied at the base terminal it gets biased and starts the transistor action. The small input current is used to create a large output current at the other two terminals. D882 AlternativesMJE802, BD349, BD185, BD189, MJE182, BD187, TIP122L, 2SC4342, 2SD1712, BD131, 2SD1693, 2SD1018 PNP ComplementaryPNP Complementary 2SD882 is 2SB772. D882 Power RatingsNo.RatingSymbolValueUnit1Collector-Emitter VoltageVce30V2Collector-Base VoltageVcb40V3Emitter-Base VoltageVeb5V4Collector CurrentIc3A5Current Gainhfe60 to 400 6Power DissipationPtot10W7Storage TemperatureTstg-55 to 150C This device exhibits a collector current of 3A which is ideal for driving LED, bulb, motors, and relays. The maximum power dissipation is 10W which makes it a valuable pick for the output stages of audio amplifiers. It is important to note that these are the stress ratings which if exceed the absolute maximum ratings, can badly affect the device and thus the entire project. Keep ratings during the working of this component below absolute maximum ratings. D882 ApplicationsThe D882 is mainly used in the following applications.Used for amplification and switching purposes.Used to drive loads under 3A.Installed in H-bridge circuits.Incorporated in voltage regulators and power supply circuits.Used to drive motors and battery charger circuits. 2SD882 can be used in variety of different application. For example It can be used in power supply circuits, voltage regulator circuits, battery charger circuits, driving motors, switching any load under 3A etc. A part from the above applications it will also perform when used to amplify audio signals and it can be used in small audio amplifiers, output stage of receiver circuits, bell circuits, audio related circuits etc. D882 SpecificationPackage Type: TO-126Transistor Type: NPNMax Collector Current(IC): 3AMax Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCE): 30VMax Collector-Base Voltage (VCB): 40VMax Emitter-Base Voltage (VEBO): 5VMax Collector Dissipation (Pc): 10 WattsMax Transition Frequency (fT): 90 MHzMinimum & Maximum DC Current Gain (hFE): 60 – 400Max Storage & Operating temperature Should Be: -55 to +150 Centigrade D882 ManufacturerST is a global semiconductor leader delivering intelligent and energy-efficient products and solutions that power the electronics at the heart of everyday life. ST’s products are found everywhere today, and together with our customers, we are enabling smarter driving and smarter factories, cities and homes, along with the next generation of mobile and Internet of Things devices. By getting more from technology to get more from life, ST stands for life.augmented. D882 DatasheetYou can download this datasheet for D882–Datasheet from the link given below:D882 Datasheet Using WarningsNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. D882 FAQWhat is the function of D882 transistor?The D882 is a general-purpose transistor that belongs to the NPN transistor family. It comes with collector current 5A and is mainly used for switching and amplification purpose. The amplification factor is 60-400. This factor indicates the amount of current this device can amplify. How do PNP transistor?The PNP transistor is a type of transistor in which one n-type material is doped with two p-type materials. It is a device that is controlled by the current. Both the emitter and collector currents were controlled by the small amount of base current. Two crystal diodes are connected back-to-back in the PNP transistor. How do you test a transistor?Hook the positive lead from the multimeter to the to the BASE (B) of the transistor. Hook the negative meter lead to the EMITTER (E) of the transistor. For an good NPN transistor, the meter should show a voltage drop between 0.45V and 0.9V. If you are testing PNP transistor, you should see “OL” (Over Limit). Can I use PNP instead of NPN?Generally, the PNP transistor can replace NPN transistors in most electronic circuits, the only difference is the polarities of the voltages, and the directions of the current flow. PNP transistors can also be used as switching devices and an example of a PNP transistor switch is shown below. What does PNP and NPN mean?PNP = Switched Positive. NPN = Switched Negative. “Switched” refers to which side of the controlled load (relay, small indicator, PLC input) is being switched electrically.

PC817 is an optocoupler. This blog covers PC817 Optocoupler pinout, datasheet, equivalent, features, and other information on how to use and where to use this device.CatalogPC817 PinoutPC817 CircuitPC817 ApplicationsPC817 FeaturesPC817 AdvantagePC817 PackagePC817 ManufacturerPC817 AlternativesPC817 EquivalentsWhere to use PC817How to use PC817How to Safely Long Run PC817 in CircuitPC817 Popularity by RegionPC817 Market Price AnalysisComponent DatasheetFAQPC817 PinoutPin NumberPin NameDescription1AnodeAnode pin of the IR LED. Connected to logic input2CathodeCathode pin of the IR LED. Connected to ground3EmitterEmitter pin of transistor. Connected to Ground4CollectorCollector pin of the Transistor. Provides logical outputPC817 CircuitCircuit DiagramThe circuit design is given below.The circuit is totally simple but the resistance will give it protection at the input in HIGH voltages. The Optocoupler is just a small-sized circuit of infrared receiver and sender but in case of making it with externally by using IR sender and receiver cause many problems.First manually made circuit comes in a larger size, then in case of IR receiving devices the circuit IR sender of auto coupler or receiver could be affected by other IR signals.The closed communication protects it from many things especially from temperature too.The manually made Optocoupler has low voltage operating voltage level as compare to this PC817.Test Circuit for Response TimeTest Circuit for Frequency ResponsePC817 ApplicationsIn protection like electric isolation, PC817 is reliable to use due to its functionality.PC817 is much efficient in switching for microcontrollers. Simple transistors can be used but due to its neglecting the noise factor the optocoupler can be used as switching too.In signal Isolation, the optocoupler is faster and widely used from the previous century.Optocoupler is also used for a basic noise coupling circuit to keep the circuit in use without any disconnectivity.Nowadays IC has the best uses in IoT devices for switching and zero cross. In-Home appliance to control AC load optocoupler gives the pulse of change in frequency which gives the ability to control the AC load at a specific range.For Signal transmission the optocoupler is widely used nowadays.PC817 FeaturesIt comes with 4-pins in two packages, DIP and SMT.The device has an internal protection form of electrical isolation. The protection is for both input and output. It can protect up to HIGH 5KV from electric isolation.The optocoupler can be used with an external resistor with high voltage devices to operate with low voltage devices.The optocoupler can operate with any kind of device with internal interfaces like with TTL device, Microcontrollers and even with HIGH DC voltage with some internal resistors.Optocoupler PC817 comes with internal protection from reverse current. Due to the one-way current flow nature of IR, the PC817 protects the IR from any reverse current.PC817 AdvantagePC817 OptocouplerPC817 is also known as an optocoupler / optoisolator. It consists of Infrared Emitting Diode (IRED). This IRED is coupled to a photo transistor optically and not electrically. It is closed in a four (4) pin package. This package is usually available in two different forms. The first one is wide lead (Pb) spacing option and the second one is SMT gullwing lead form option.PC817 has an internal LED and a photo transistor. The photo transistor's base becomes activate when LED throws light on it. The output obtained can be divided into two formats either common emitter or common collector. But the configuration is mostly common emitter. If the LED does not glow, transistor remains off and hence there will b no output generated by the optocoupler i.e. PC817. PC817 has different feature, e.g. double transfer mold package, current transfer ratio, different CTR ranks available, RoHS comliant, lead (Pb) free etc. Its real-life application includes noise suppression in switching circuits, programmable controllers, signal transmission between circuits having different voltages, signal transmission between different impedance etc.PC817 PackageThrough-Hole [ex.PC817X]SMT Gullwing Lead-Form [ex.PC817XI]Wide Through-Hole Lead-Form [ex.PC817XF]Wide SMT Gullwing Lead-Form [ex.PC817XFP]PC817 ManufacturerSharp Microelectronics of the Americas (SMA) drives innovative LCD, optoelectronics, memory, imager, and RF components to market. The world's leading manufacturers of consumer and business technologies look to SMA for the products, expertise, and worldwide support they need to make their visions a reality. SMA, in Camas, Washington, is the microelectronics sales and marketing division of Sharp Electronics Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sharp Corporation.PC817 AlternativesThese are the alternative options: 4N25, 6N136, MOC3021, MOC3041, 6N137PC817 EquivalentsThe replacement and equivalent of PC817 optocoupler are PC816, PC123, TLP621, TLP321, TLP421, PC17K1, H11A817, SFH615A, PS2501-1, PS2561-1, PS2571-1, LTV-816, LTV-817(-V), LTV123, LTV-610 K1010, K817P, SFH615AWhere to use PC817If you are going to design an electronic circuit in which there is a chance of voltage spikes or voltage surge which may weak or destroy the components or the circuit then you can use the PC817 optocoupler to isolate the circuit. Moreover it can also be used to remove noise from an electronic signal, isolate DC and low voltage circuits from AC and high voltage circuits. You can also use it where you want to control larger voltage or AC voltage from small any small signal which can be a digital signal or analog.How to use PC817Using PC817 optocoupler is easy, there are four pins shown in the above pinout details. The pin 1 is anode or positive pin of the IR LED should be connected from the output signal of your circuit and pin2 should be connected to the ground. The other part of the circuit which you want to isolate or controlled should be connected with the pin3 (Emitter of the photo transistor) and pin4 (Collector of the photo transistor). The pin3 and pin4 works same as any other normal transistor for example a BJT transistor’s emitter and collector.How to Safely Long Run PC817 in CircuitTo safely long run PC817 optocoupler in your circuit is recommended to always stay below the absolute maximum ratings. Do not drive load more than 50mA, The internal IR LED can be derived same as you drive any other normal LED with a current limiting resistor therefore always use a current limiting resistor at the pin1 of optocoupler which is the IR LED anode or positive pin. Do not operate the device in temperature below -30 centigrade and above 100 centigrade and always store in temperature above -55 centigrade and below 125 centigrade.PC817 Popularity by RegionPC817 Market Price AnalysisComponent DatasheetPC817 DatasheetFAQWhat is PC 817?PC817 is also known as an optocoupler / optoisolator. It consists of Infrared Emitting Diode (IRED). This IRED is coupled to a photo transistor optically and not electrically. It is closed in a four (4) pin package. This package is usually available in two different forms.Why is Optocoupler Used?When used correctly, an Optocoupler can effectively: Remove electrical noise from signals. Isolate low-voltage devices from high-voltage circuits. Allow you to use small digital signals to control larger AC voltages.What is a PC817 Pinout?PC817 Pinout consists of four (4) pins in total, first two are connected with the Infrared Emitting Diode (IRED) while the last two are connected with Photo Transistor.How Does PC817 Work?In PC817 photoisolator IC circuit, the IR receives the noisy signal as a power from the one circuit and passes it to the other part through the IR signal. The other part receives the signal and then performs according to the circuit design.　

This is a blog discusses the difference between 1N4148, 1N4007, 1N5819.CatalogI. Brief Introduction to 1N4148, 1N4007, 1N5819II.Diodes Introduction2.1 Switching Diode2.2 Rectifier Diode2.3 Schottky DiodeIII. 1N4148 vs 1N40073.1 General Difference3.2 Application Difference3.3 ConclusionIV. 1N4148 vs 1N5819I. Brief Introduction to 1N4148, 1N4007, 1N58191N4148 is a fast switching diode.  It is fabricated in planar technology, and encapsulated in hermetically sealed leaded glass SOD27 (DO-35) packages.1N41481N4007 is a PN junction rectifier diode. These types of diodes allow only the flow of electrical current in one direction only. So, it can be used for the conversion of AC power to DC.1N40071N5819 is a Schottky diode with 2 pins, a peak current of 25A, and an operating temperature range of -65°C~ +125°C. It is commonly used in high frequency applications like Inverters, DC-DC converters etc.1N5819II. Diode Introduction Next, we’ll talk about what diode is, and give some explanations of some common types of diodes which appear in this article. What is diode? Well, the diode is a two-terminal electrical device that allows the current to be transferred in one direction only. The diode is also known for its unidirectional current property, where the electrical current is allowed to flow in one direction. In principle, a diode is used to rectify waveforms, in radio detectors or in power supplies. They can also be used in various electrical and electronic circuits where the 'one-way' diode result is required. Most diodes are made from semiconductors such as Si (silicon), but in a few cases Ge (germanium) is also used. There are several types of diodes and those are available for use in electronics design, such as: Laser diode, Light emitting diodes, crystal diode, PN Junction, Shockley diode, Zener diode and many others. We will only discuss the diode types that appear in the article, namely switching diode, rectifier diode and schottky diode. 2.1 Switching Diode A Switching Diode is commonly referred to as a “Signal Diode”, it is a semiconductor that can be used to switch signals or act as a rectifier at low voltages. Within a circuit they can provide similar functionality to a physical switch, with the on/off state governed by the direction of the current flow. When there is forward current in the circuit (forward-bias), the switching diode effectively is a closed switch with low resistance, allowing current to flow. If the current of the circuit is reversed (reverse bias), the switching diode provides high resistance, preventing current flow up to a specified threshold. A switching diode can be used in low voltage applications that require fast switching and a high speed rectification. A diode can also be used as a circuit protection device to prevent reverse current damaging a device upstream of the switching diode, such as microcontroller. 2.2 Rectifier Diode A rectifier diode is a semiconductor diode, used to rectify AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current) using the rectifier bridge application. The alternative of rectifier diode through the Schottky barrier is mainly valued within digital electronics. This diode is capable to conduct the values of current which changes from mA to a few kA & voltages up to a few kV. Rectifier diodes are used in power supplies to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process called rectification. They are also used elsewhere in circuits where a large current must pass through the diode. All rectifier diodes are made from silicon and therefore have a forward voltage drop of 0.7V. The table shows maximum current and maximum reverse voltage for some popular rectifier diodes. The 1N4001 is suitable for most low voltage circuits with a current of less than 1A. 2.3 Schottky Diode A Schottky diode is also known as a hot carrier diode; it is a semiconductor diode with a very fast switching action, but a low forward voltage drop. When a current flows through the diode there is a small voltage drop across the diode terminals. In a normal diode, the voltage drop is between 0.6 to 1.7 volts, while in a Schottky diode the voltage drop normally ranges between 0.15 and 0.45volts. This lower voltage drop provides higher switching speed and better system efficiency. In Schottky diode, a semiconductor–metal junction is formed between a semiconductor and a metal, thus creating a Schottky barrier. The N-type semiconductor acts as a cathode and the metal side acts as the anode of the diode. Schottky diodes are used for the voltage clamping applications and prevention of transistor saturation due to the high current density in the Schottky diode. It’s also been a low forward voltage drop in Schottky diode, it is wasted in less heat, making them an efficient choice for applications that are sensitive and very efficient. Because of the Schottky diode used in stand-alone photovoltaic systems in order to prevent batteries from discharging purpose for the solar panels at night as well as in grid-connected systems, containing multiple strings are connected in parallel connection. Schottky diodes are also used as rectifiers in power supplies. III. 1N4148 vs 1N40073.1 General difference 1. 1N4148 and 1N4007 can be replaced with each other in case of general small current (below 100mA, reverse voltage below 100V) and unimportant occasions. 2. 1N4148 is a small current switch tube, with a voltage resistance of 100V. 3. 1N4007 is a rectifier tube, 1A-1000V. There are many types of substitute models. 3.2 Application difference Generally speaking, we mostly use 1n4148 when using freewheeling diodes; Since it is a freewheeling diode, it is generally used on inductive loads, such as: buzzer, relay; Several factors we have to consider are: 1. How fast is the freewheeling diode? Just take an appropriate value; for example, MS level, US level, NS level? 2. What is the current of the freewheeling diode? Look at the DS manual, don't burn it out. 3. How high is the voltage of the freewheeling diode? Look at the DS manual, don't break it. 3.3 Conclusion 1N4148: 100V reverse withstand voltage and 150mA average forward current, very suitable for ordinary rectification in general occasions. The reverse recovery time of 4nS is sufficient for most occasions. 1N4007: Maximum forward average rectified current, 1A maximum reverse withstand voltage, 1000V low reverse leakage current, 5uA (maximum) forward voltage drop, 1.0V maximum reverse peak current, 30uA, reverse recovery time 30us; 1N4148: Generally, IN4148 is used in weak current inductive loads, such as buzzer and other small current inductive loads; 1N4007: Generally used in large current loads, such as industrial load (relay), power supply load; The biggest difference between them is the current, voltage, and response speed. In a sense, 1N4007 can replace 1N4148, as long as the response speed is not too demanding, 1N4148 is destined to be used only on weak current low-current inductive loads. IV. 1N4148 vs 1N5819High frequency, low voltage, and high current characteristics are the differences between 1N5819 diodes and ordinary diodes. It is widely used in switching power supplies, frequency converters, drivers and other circuits for high frequency, low voltage, high current rectification, freewheeling, and diode protection. 1N5819 is characterized by ultra-fast speed (low switching loss), extremely low forward voltage drop (low voltage loss), but also low reverse withstand voltage, usually less than 60V, suitable for low-voltage (no higher than 12V) switching power supply. Another use of 1N5819 diode is to use its reverse characteristic to stabilize voltage. Therefore, when the withstand voltage is low and the current is not large, you can consider using a Zener tube instead. 1N4148 is a point contact type low current high frequency switching diode with high speed, but the working current is only 150mA, which is widely used in circuits with higher signal frequencies. The reverse leakage of 1N5819 tube is relatively large, but it has the characteristics of small capacitance and high speed. But it is not as fast as 1N4148, after all, the purpose of 1N4148 is high frequency detection, not rectification. 

 CatalogDescriptionRequired EquipmentSystem SetupDetailed Description of HardwareFeaturesPerformance CharacteristicsDatasheetManufacturerUsing WarningDescriptionThe MAX15303 evaluation kit (EV kit) is a proven application circuit design for the MAX15303 digital DC-DC controller integrated circuit (IC). The EV kit allows the user to easily modify and test the EV kit with different operating conditions. The EV kit can be used as a standalone board if desired.  However, to take full advantage of the IC’s capability, the user must connect the EV kit to a PC with the Maxim PowerTool MAXPOWERTOOL002# USB-toPMBus interface dongle and then control and monitor the EV kit with Maxim’s digital PowerTool graphical user interface (GUI) software. The PowerTool GUI allows a PC to control the PMBus interface and to collect real-time data from the EV kit. The PowerTool is Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows7 compatible. It provides a simple interface for exercising the features of the IC. Required EquipmentMAX15303 EV kitMAXPOWERTOOL002# USB-to-PMBus interface kit6.5V to 12V, 5A DC supply100MHz oscilloscope with ≥ 2 channelsElectronic loadDigital multimeters (DMMs)Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7 PC and an available USB portRG-174 BNC-to-SMB cables for oscilloscope connection System Setup Figure: System SetupDetailed Description of HardwareSetting the Output Voltage Configure the output voltage by connecting a resistance between the SET pin of the MAX15303 and GND (refer to Table 1 in the MAX15303 IC data sheet). Do this by placing a shunt across any one of the five-labeled locations of header J8 on the EV kit. Make additional pinstrap settings by removing the jumper from J8 and placing a leaded resistor across J9. Once input power is applied to the EV kit, the SET resistor is read. The output-voltage set point can be changed at any time by sending a new VOUT_COMMAND value from the GUI through the PMBus interface. Setting the PMBus Slave AddressConfigure the EV kit slave address by connecting resistors between ADDR0 and GND and ADDR1 and GND on the IC (refer to Table 4a in the MAX15303 IC data sheet).Resistor R46 on the EV kit connects to ADDR1, selecting both the address column and setting the current-limit voltage for the inductor DCR signal. Select the ADDR0 resistor value, from one of four possible values, by placing a shunt in one of the labeled locations on header J6. Make additional pin-strap settings by removing the jumper from J6 and placing a leaded resistor across J7. The ADDR0 and ADDR1 resistors are read once when input power is applied to the EV kit; the slave address cannot be changed through the PMBus interface. LED Indicators The EV kit features two LED indicators, one to show that auxiliary power is present and one to show that the IC’s output power is good. The +3.3V VAUX LED (D2) illuminates green when the on-board 3.3V auxiliary supply is available. VAUX becomes available when an input voltage is applied to VIN at J11 or J17. The PG LED (D3) illuminates green when the following conditions are met:VIN is presentVAUX is presentThe IC asserts power good (PG pin is open) Enable Switch The EV kit includes a switch (SW2) to control the IC’s EN input. This switch has two labeled positions:ON: EN pin (EN_BUS) is pulled high by the threestated debounce circuit OFF: EN pin (EN_BUS) is driven low by the debounce circuit HSSP-NORMAL SwitchThe EV kit’s HSSP-NORMAL switch (SW1) must be set to the NORMAL position for proper operation. SMB ConnectorsThe EV kit includes easy-to-use SMB connectors for precision monitoring of the output voltage (VOUT) at J14, and the switch node (LX) at J13. These connectors are back terminated with 50Ω resistance and can be connected directly to oscilloscope inputs for low-noise measurement. FeaturesInTune™ Digital Point-of-Load (PoL) Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)Digital State-Space ControlDual-Edge-Modulated Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)300kHz to 1MHz Switching Frequency5V to 12V Input Voltage Range Using Linear Mode6.5V to 12V Input Voltage Range Using BabyBuck Mode0.6V to 3.3V Output Voltage Range6A Output Current CapabilitySingle-Phase OperationPin-Strap or PMBus ConfigurationSMB Connectors for Low-Noise MeasurementsConnectors for Multiple-Rail EvaluationPMBus Interface for Control and MonitoringHigh-Speed Serial-Port Diagnostics Performance Characteristics Figure: Performance CharacteristicsDatasheetMAX15303E-Maxim-Integrated-Datasheet ManufacturerMaxim Integrated, a subsidiary of Analog Devices, designs, manufactures, and sells analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for the automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, and computing markets. Maxim's product portfolio includes power and battery management ICs, sensors, analog ICs, interface ICs, communications solutions, digital ICs, embedded security, and microcontrollers. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, and has design centers, manufacturing facilities, and sales offices worldwide.Using WarningNote: Please check their parameters and pin configuration before replacing them in your circuit. 

1N4007 is a PN junction rectifier diode. This blog covers 1N4007 rectifier diode pinout, features, and other information including its advantages, applications and how to use this device, etc.Catalog1N4007 Description1N4007 Pinout1N4007 Features1N4007 Advantages1N4007 Typical ApplicationsWhere to Use 1N40071N4007 Mechanical Data1N4007 Parameters1N4007 Package Information1N4007 AlternativesHow to Safely Long Run 1N4007 in a Circuit1N4007 Popularity by Region1N4007 Market Price AnalysisComponent DatasheetFAQOrdering & Quantity1N4007 Description1N4007 is a PN junction rectifier diode. These types of diodes only allow the flow of electric current in one direction. Therefore, it can be used for the conversion of alternating current to direct current. The 1N4007 is electrically compatible with other rectifier diodes and can be used instead of any diode of the 1N400X series. The 1N4007 has various applications in real life. For example, applications of freewheeling diodes, general rectifying of power supplies, inverters, converters, etc.1N4007 PinoutThe 1N4007 has two pins, the anode and cathode respectively. Both pins have opposite charges on them. The two pins and their names and charges are shown in the table below.IN4007 PinoutPin. NoPin NameCharge1Anode+ve2Cathode-ve1N4007 FeaturesLow forward voltage drop;Low leakage current;High forward surge capability;Solder dip 275 °C max. 10 s, per JESD 22-B106.1N4007 AdvantagesThe 1N4007 is a used general-purpose diode. It is normally constructed to be used as a rectifier in the power supply section of electronic devices to convert AC voltage to DC voltage with other filter capacitors. It is a diode of the 1N400x series in which there are also other similar diodes from 1N4001 to 1N4007 and the only difference between them is the maximum repetitive reverse voltage.Besides, it can also be used in any general application where there is a need for a general diode. The 1N4007 diode is designed to operate with high voltages and can easily withstand voltages below 1000V. The average direct current of 1000mA or 1A, the 3W power dissipation, its small size, and low cost make it an ideal diode for a wide variety of applications.1N4007 Typical ApplicationsFor use in general purpose rectification of power supplies, inverters, converters, and freewheeling diodes application.Power SuppliesBattery ChargersVoltage DoublersAdaptersRectificationComponents protectionBlocking incoming voltage where not requiredWhere to Use 1N40071N4007 can be used in variety of circuits, it is normally built for general purpose rectification purpose but it can also be used in any circuit where there is need of voltage blocking, blocking voltage spikes etc. It can also be used in digital logic circuits.1N4007 Mechanical DataCase: DO-41 (DO-204AL), molded epoxy body, molding compound meets UL94V-0 flammability rating, base P/N-E3-RoHS-compliant, commercial gradeTerminals: mattetin plated leads, solderable per J-STD-002 and JESD 22-B102E3 suffix meets JESD 201 class 1A whisker testPolarity: color band denotes cathode end1N4007 ParametersCase ConnectionISOLATEDConfigurationSINGLECurrent1ADiameter2.7mmDiode Element MaterialSILICONDiode TypeRECTIFIER DIODEECCN CodeEAR99Element ConfigurationSingleForward Current1AForward Voltage1VHTS Code8541.10.00.80JEDEC-95 CodeDO-204ALJESD-30 CodeO-PALF-W2Length5.2mmManufacturer Part Number1N4007ManufacturerVishay SemiconductorsMax Forward Surge Current (Ifsm)45AMax Operating Temperature150°CMax Repetitive Reverse Voltage (Vrrm)1kVMax Reverse Current5uAMin Operating Temperature-55°CMountThrough HoleNumber of Elements1Number of Terminals2Operating Temperature-Max175 °COperating Temperature-Min-50 °COutput Current-Max1 APart Life Cycle CodeTransferredPin Count2Reach Compliance CodeUnknownRep Pk Reverse Voltage-Max1000 VReverse Recovery Time-Max30 µsRisk Rank3.5Surface MountNOTerminal FormWIRETerminal PositionAXIAL 1N4007 Package Information1N4007 AlternativesManufacturerManufacturer Part No.Lifecycle Status IndicatorSTMicroelectronicsSTTH110Volume ProductionVishay Semiconductors1N4007GPHE3/54ObsoleteMicrosemiJANTX1N3957Volume ProductionRectron1N4007-FUnknownVishay Semiconductors1N4007-E3/54Volume Production     Vishay Semiconductors1N4007GP-E3/54Volume ProductionVishay Semiconductors1N4007GP-E3/73Volume Production     Vishay Semiconductors1N4007GPE-E3/73Volume Production     Vishay Semiconductors1N4007GPE-E3/54Volume Production     Vishay Semiconductors1N4007GP-E3/53Volume Production     How to Safely Long Run 1N4007 in a CircuitTo obtain the maximum operating time of the diode, it is recommended to always stay between 30 and 40 V below its maximum repetitive reverse voltage and other values. Always connect with correct polarity, do not exceed a load of 1A. Do not operate and store at a temperature below -55 centigrade and above +175 centigrade.1N4007 Popularity by Region1N4007 Market Price Analysis　Component Datasheet1N4007 DatasheetFAQWhat type of diode is 1n4007?Rectifier diode.1N4007 1A Power Diode. 1N4007 is a rectifier diode, designed specifically for circuits that need to convert alternating current to direct current. It can pass currents of up to 1 A, and have peak inverse voltage (PIV) rating of 1,000 V.Can I use 1n4007 instead of 1n4001?Yes. The 1N4007 can withstand a higher reverse voltage(Vr), 1000V vs. ... (The 1N4001 is rated for a Vr(RMS) of 35V.) While diodes like 1N400x may be well suited as freewheeling diodes in terms of voltage and current (rated at 1A), they're not exactly fast.What is the breakdown voltage of diode 1n4001 and 1n4007?Some diodes -- such as the 1N4001 -- will break down at 50 volts or less. The 1N4007, however, can sustain a peak repetitive reverse voltage of 1000 volts.Can I use 1n4007 instead of 1n4004?The differences between 1N4004 and 1N4007 are the working peak reverse voltage who is 1000V for the 1N4007 instead of 280V for the 1N4004. You can use it in place without any problem like all 1N400X diodes rectifier.What are the difference between 1N4007 and 1N4001? Differences are : Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage of 1N4001 is 50V while that of 1N4007 is 1000V. RMS Reverse Voltage of 1N4001 is 35V while that of 1N4007 is 700V.What is the equivalent of diode 1N4001?The equivalents for diode 1N4001 are 1N4148, 1N4733A, 1N5408, 1N5822. Pls learn their differences clearly by comparing datasheet, pinout, and applications before you choose for a replacement.What are the specifications of 1n4007g diode?1N4007G Specifications: Diode Type: Standard Recovery ; Repetitive Reverse Voltage Vrrm Max: 1kV ; Forward Current If (AV): 1A ; Forward Voltage VF Max: 1V ; Reverse Recovery Time trr Max: - ; Forward Surge Current 1N4148WS 1N5401 1N5402What is the difference between diode and diode?Note: Complete Technical Details can be found at the 1N4001 datasheet given at the end of this page. 1N4148, 1N4733A, 1N5408, 1N5822, Zener Diodes. A diode is a device which allows current flow through only one direction. That is the current should always flow from the Anode to cathode.