The Kynix Components

Mini MP1584 3A is a small size adjustable buck module.CatalogMP1584EN Description MP1584EN PinoutPin Configuration of MP1584 DC-DC Buck ModuleCAD ModelAlternatives for MP1584 DC-DC Buck ModuleProduct AttributesFeaturesApplicationsFunctional circuit for MP1584 DC-DC Buck ModuleProduct ComplianceMP1584EN DatasheetFAQ MP1584EN Description The MP1584EN is a high frequency step-down switching regulator with an integrated internal high-side high voltage power MOSFET. It provides 3A output with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation.The wide 4.5V to 28V input range accommodates a variety of step-down applications, including those in an automotive input environment. A 100µA operational quiescent current allows use in battery-powered applications.How to Use a Simple DC-DC Step Down Module MP1584EN Pinout MP1584EN Pinout   Pin Configuration of MP1584 DC-DC Buck ModuleThe MP1584 buck module is small in size and has only input and output pins. The module also consists of an output adjustable potentiometer. The table below shows the pin configuration of the MP1584 buck module.Pin TypePin DescriptionIN +Positive Input Voltage TerminalIN -Negative Input Voltage TerminalOUT +Positive Output Voltage TerminalOUT -Negative Output Voltage Terminal Note: The onboard potentiometer can be used to regulate the output voltage; it boosts up the output voltage when rotated clockwise whereas, bucks the output voltage when rotated counter-clockwise. CAD Model Symbol  Footprint Alternatives for MP1584 DC-DC Buck ModuleLM2576, LM2596, TPS613223ADBVT, XL7015  Product AttributesProduct Attributes TYPEDESCRIPTIONCategoriesIntegrated Circuits (ICs) PMIC - Voltage Regulators - DC DC Switching RegulatorsManufacturerMonolithic Power Systems Inc.Series-PackagingCut Tape (CT)Part StatusNot For New DesignsFunctionStep-DownOutput ConfigurationPositiveTopologyBuckOutput TypeAdjustableNumber of Outputs1Voltage - Input (Min)4.5VVoltage - Input (Max)28VVoltage - Output (Min/Fixed)0.8VVoltage - Output (Max)25VCurrent - Output3AFrequency - Switching100kHz ~ 1.5MHzSynchronous RectifierNoOperating Temperature-20°C ~ 85°C (TA) C54Mounting TypeSurface MountPackage / Case8-SOIC (0.154", 3.90mm Width) Exposed PadSupplier Device Package8-SOICEBase Part NumberMP1584  FeaturesWide 4.5V to 28V Operating Input RangeProgrammable Switching Frequency from 100kHz to 1.5MHzHigh-Efficiency Pulse Skipping Mode for Light LoadCeramic Capacitor StableInternal Soft-StartInternally Set Current Limit without a Current Sensing ResistorAvailable in SOIC8E Package.  ApplicationsHigh Voltage Power ConversionAutomotive SystemsIndustrial Power SystemsDistributed Power SystemsBattery Powered Systems  Functional circuit for MP1584 DC-DC Buck Module MP1584EN Circuit  Some of the reference pins of the MP1584 IC from the circuit above are discussed. The FREQ(Frequency pin) pin on the IC decides the switching frequency. Connecting a resistor from it to the ground can be used to set the switching frequency. The EN(Enable pin) is used to control the chip’s ON/OFF state. The FB(Feedback pin) is the input for the error amplifier. The output voltage is set by a voltage divider(Potentiometer in the module) across output and ground. Product ComplianceUSHTS:8542390001CAHTS:8542390090CNHTS:8542319000JPHTS:854239099MXHTS:8542399901TARIC:8542399000ECCN:EAR99 MP1584EN DatasheetMP1584EN Datasheet FAQWhat is mp1584en?The MP1584 is a high-frequency step-down switching regulator with an integrated internal high-side high voltage power MOSFET. It provides 3A output with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation. A 100µA operational quiescent current allows use in battery-powered applications. What is a dc/dc buck converter?The buck converter is a very simple type of DC-DC converter that produces an output voltage that is less than its input. The buck converter is so named because the inductor always “bucks” or acts against the input voltage. ... When the switch is opened the supply current to the inductor is suddenly interrupted. What does a boost converter do?The boost converter is used to "step-up" an input voltage to some higher level, required by a load. This unique capability is achieved by storing energy in an inductor and releasing it to the load at a higher voltage.  

DescriptionATMEGA328P is a Microcontroller. This blog covers ATMEGA328P Microcontroller pinout, datasheet, equivalent, features and other information on how to use and where to use this device.ATMEGA328PCatalogDescriptionATMEGA328P PinoutATMEGA328P ApplicationsATMEGA328P FeaturesATMEGA328P AdvantageATMEGA328P ParametersATMEGA328P ArduinoATMEGA328P AlternativesATMEGA328P EquivalentsWhere to use ATMEGA328PHow to use ATMEGA328PHow to Safely Long Run Atmega328PATMEGA328P ManufacturerOrdering & QuantityATMEGA328P PinoutATMEGA328P is a 28-pin chip as shown in pin diagram above. Many pins of the chip here have more than one function. We will describe functions of each pin in below table.Pin No.Pin nameDescriptionSecondary Function1PC6 (RESET)Pin6 of  PORTCPin by default is used as RESET pin. PC6 can only be used as I/O pin when RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed.2PD0 (RXD)Pin0  of  PORTDRXD (Data Input Pin for USART)USART Serial Communication Interface[Can be used for programming]3PD1 (TXD)Pin1 of  PORTDTXD (Data Output Pin for USART)USART Serial Communication Interface[Can be used for programming] INT2( External Interrupt 2 Input)4PD2 (INT0)Pin2  of  PORTDExternal Interrupt source 0 5PD3 (INT1/OC2B)Pin3  of  PORTDExternal Interrupt source1 OC2B(PWM - Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Match B Output)6PD4 (XCK/T0)Pin4  of  PORTDT0( Timer0 External Counter Input)XCK ( USART External Clock I/O)7VCC Connected to positive voltage8GND Connected to ground9PB6 (XTAL1/TOSC1)Pin6  of  PORTBXTAL1 (Chip Clock Oscillator pin 1 or External clock input)TOSC1 (Timer Oscillator pin 1)10PB7 (XTAL2/TOSC2)Pin7  of  PORTBXTAL2 (Chip Clock Oscillator pin 2)TOSC2 (Timer Oscillator pin 2)11PD5(T1/OC0B)Pin5 of  PORTDT1(Timer1 External Counter Input) OC0B(PWM - Timer/Counter0 Output Compare Match B Output)12PD6 (AIN0/OC0A)Pin6  of  PORTDAIN0(Analog Comparator Positive I/P) OC0A(PWM - Timer/Counter0 Output Compare Match A Output)13PD7 (AIN1)Pin7  of  PORTDAIN1(Analog Comparator Negative I/P) 14PB0 (ICP1/CLKO)Pin0  of  PORTBICP1(Timer/Counter1 Input Capture Pin) CLKO (Divided System Clock. The divided system clock can be output on the PB0 pin)15PB1 (OC1A)Pin1  of  PORTBOC1A (Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Match A Output)16PB2 (SS/OC1B)Pin2  of  PORTBSS (SPI Slave Select Input).  This pin is low when controller acts as slave.[Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming] OC1B (Timer/Counter1 Output Compare Match B Output)17PB3 (MOSI/OC2A)Pin3  of  PORTBMOSI (Master Output Slave Input). When controller acts as slave, the data is received by this pin. [Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming]OC2 (Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Match Output)18PB4 (MISO)Pin4  of  PORTBMISO (Master Input Slave Output). When controller acts as slave, the data is sent to master by this controller through this pin. [Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming]19PB5 (SCK)Pin5  of  PORTBSCK (SPI Bus Serial Clock). This is the clock shared between this controller and other system for accurate data transfer.[Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) for programming]20AVCC Power for Internal ADC Converter21AREF Analog Reference Pin for ADC22GND GROUND23PC0 (ADC0)Pin0  of  PORTC ADC0 (ADC Input Channel 0)24PC1 (ADC1)Pin1  of  PORTCADC1 (ADC Input Channel 1)25PC2 (ADC2)Pin2  of  PORTC ADC2 (ADC Input Channel 2)26PC3 (ADC3)Pin3  of  PORTC ADC3 (ADC Input Channel 3)27PC4 (ADC4/SDA)Pin4  of  PORTCADC4 (ADC Input Channel 4)SDA (Two-wire Serial Bus Data Input/output Line)28PC5 (ADC5/SCL)Pin5  of  PORTCADC5 (ADC Input Channel 5)SCL (Two-wire Serial Bus Clock Line)ATMEGA328P ApplicationsThere are thousands of applications for Atmega328P also more to come in near future depends on how creative one can think. Every day we see a new application built using the this chip by electronic students, engineers, hobbyists, tinkerers. Some of the applications for the chip are as follow.Industrial machinery controlling systemsSolar powered machinery and applicationsIOT based applicationsPower supply and charger based applicationsWeather systemsWireless communication applicationsSecurity based applicationsMedical & health related projects & systemsAutomobile related applicationsATMEGA328P FeaturesHigh performance designLow power consumptionTotal number of Analog Input pins are 6Contains 32 kilobytes of flash memoryContains 2 kilobytes of SRAMContains 1 kilobytes of EEPROM16 megahertz clock speedMinimum & maximum temperature -40 degree centigrade to 105 degree centigradeTotal number of Digital I/O pins are 14Advance RISCLock program functionality for programming code securityContains total three timers two 8-bit and one 16 bitTotal number of I/O pins are 23Total number of PWM channels are 6Minimum and maximum operating voltage from 1.8V DC to 5.5V DCATMEGA328P AdvantageATMEG328PThe high-performance Microchip picoPower 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1024B EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts.By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and processing speed.ATMEGA328P ParametersAdditional FeatureIT ALSO OPERATES 2.7V AT 10 MHZBit Size8Clock Frequency-Max20 MHzDAC ChannelsNODMA ChannelsNOHas ADCYESHTS Code8542.31.00.01JESD-30 CodeR-PDIP-T28Length34.167 mmManufacturerMicrochip Technology IncManufacturer Part NumberATMEGA328P-20PUNumber of I/O Lines23Number of Terminals28Operating Temperature-Max85 °COperating Temperature-Min-40 °CPackage Body MaterialPLASTIC/EPOXYPackage CodeDIPPackage ShapeRECTANGULARPackage StyleIN-LINEPart Life Cycle CodeObsoletePWM ChannelsYESQualification StatusNot QualifiedReach Compliance CodeUnknownRisk Rank5.68ROM ProgrammabilityFLASHSeated Height-Max4.5724 mmSpeed20 MHzSupply Voltage-Max5.5 VSupply Voltage-Min4.5 VSupply Voltage-Nom5 VSurface MountNOTechnologyCMOSTemperature GradeINDUSTRIALTerminal FormTHROUGH-HOLETerminal Pitch2.54 mmTerminal PositionDUALuPs/uCs/Peripheral ICs TypeMICROCONTROLLER, RISCWidth7.62 mmATMEGA328P ArduinoATMEG328P ModelATMEGA328 is used similar to any other controller. All there to do is programming. Controller simply executes the program provided by us at any instant. Without programming controller simply stays put without doing anything.Since ATmega328P is used in Arduino Uno and Arduino nano boards, you can directly replace the arduino board with ATmega328 chip. For that first you need to install the Arduino bootloader into the chip (Or you can also buy a chip with bootloader – ATMega328P-PU). This IC with bootloader can be placed on Arduino Uno board and burn the program into it. Once Arduino program is burnt into the IC, it can be removed and used in place of Arduino board, along with a Crystal oscillator and other components as required for the project.ATMEGA328P AlternativesATMEGA16, ATMEGA32, ATMEGA8535ATMEGA328P EquivalentsATMEGA8Where to use ATMEGA328PAlthough we have many controllers ATMEGA328P is most popular of all because of its features and cost. ARDUINO boards are also developed on this controller because of its features.With program memory of 32 Kbytes ATMEGA328P applications are many.With various POWER SAVING modes it can work on MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.With Watchdog timer to reset under error it can be used on systems with minimal human interference.With advanced RISC architecture, the controller executes programs quickly.Also with in chip temperature sensor the controller can be used at extreme temperatures.These all features add together promoting ATMEGA328P further.How to use ATMEGA328PATMEGA328 is used similar to any other controller. All there to do is programming. Controller simply executes the program provided by us at any instant. Without programming controller simply stays put without doing anything.As said, first we need to program the controller and that is done by writing the appropriate program file in the ATMEGA328P FLASH memory. After dumping this program code, the controller executes this code and provides appropriate response.Entire process of using an ATMEGA328P goes like this:List the functions to be executed by controller.Write the functions in programming language in IDE programs.You can download the IDE program for free in company websites. IDE program for AVR controllers is ‘ATMEL STUDIO’. Link for ATMEL STUDIO is given below.(Usually Atmel Studio 6.0 for Windows7 [ http://atmel-studio.software.informer.com/6.0/ ],Atmel Studio 7 for Windows10 [ https://www.microchip.com/avr-support/atmel-studio-7 ])ATMEGA328P programming can also be done in ARDUINO IDE.After writing the program, compile it to eliminate errors.Make the IDE generate HEX file for the written program after compiling.This HEX file contains the machine code which should be written in controller flash memory.Choose the programming device (usually SPI programmer made for AVR controllers) which establishes communication between PC and ATMEGA328P. You can also program ATMEGA328P using ARDUINO UNO board.Run the programmer software and choose the appropriate hex file.Burn the HEX file of written program in ATMEGA328P flash memory using this program.Disconnect the programmer, connect the appropriate peripherals for the controller and get the system started.How to Safely Long Run Atmega328PTo get long term performance or if you want to run the Atmega328P for years in your electronic gadget or project it should be known that Chips or ICs are very sensitive and care must be taken when using them. The supply voltage should not exceed from 5.5V. Always check the voltage source output before connecting to the IC. When experimenting on the breadboard or soldering in a circuit it is highly recommended to check all the pins for short circuit before giving power to the IC, it is better to use an IC socket for the IC, but also check the IC socket pins for short circuit before placing the IC in it. IC socket also saves the IC from the heat generated from the soldering iron while soldering. Do not store or operate the chip below -40 centigrade and above 105 centigrade.ATMEGA328P ManufacturerMicrochip Technology Inc. is a leading provider of microcontroller and analog semiconductors, providing low-risk product development, lower total system cost and faster time to market for thousands of diverse customer applications worldwide. Headquartered in Chandler, Arizona, Microchip offers outstanding technical support along with dependable delivery and quality.Component DatasheetATMEGA328P DatasheetFAQWhat is meant by ATMEGA328P?ATMEGA328P is high performance, low power controller from Microchip. ATMEGA328P is an 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR RISC architecture. It is the most popular of all AVR controllers as it is used in ARDUINO boards.What is the difference between ATMEGA328 and ATMEGA328P?ATMEGA328P and ATMEGA328 are the same every sense architecturally.ATMEGA328P just consumes lower power than ATMEGA328, which means that the 328P is manufactured in a finer process than the 328.Why ATMEGA328 is used in Arduino?The ATMEGA328/P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR® enhanced RISC (reduced instruction set computer) architecture. In Order to maximize performance and parallelism, the AVR uses Harvard architecture – with separate memories and buses for program and data.How do you code ATMEGA328P?Is ATMEGA328P a microcontroller?The ATMEGA328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the megaAVR family (later Microchip Technology acquired Atmel in 2016). It has a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC processor core.Can the ATMEGA328P microcontroller be used without the Arduino board?Yes. You can use ATMega328P without arduino board. ... You can use arduino board with the IC. Program the IC and then take it out and use it in your circuit. You will have to use 16MHZ Oscillator with capacitors.How do I program Atmega328P without bootloader?Programming AVR With Arduino As ISP Without Bootloader and External CrystalStep 1: Things You Need. ...Step 2: Upload ArduinoISP Code on Arduino Board. ...Step 3: Open Command Prompt (in Windows OS) ...Step 4: Required Downloads.. ...Step 5: Installation of WinAVR (only Help for Windows OS Is Covered for Now)

ADC0804 DescriptionThere are multiple kinds of  Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) which are used to convert the signal for microprocessors or controllers. Every “ADC” has its own specification and advantages on the base of the requirement. Here we are going to discuss “ADC0804 IC” which is known as the low voltage 8-bit  Analog to Digital Converter. ADC0804  is a low voltage IC use to convert the low voltage analog signal to an 8-bit digital signal. It works with 0-5 Volts, has 1 Analog input and 8 output pins. ADC0804 comes with an internal clock but to increase or change the clock cycle we could use the external clock. Always keep in mind that conversion speed cannot be faster than 110us either we are using an internal clock or an external clock.CatalogADC0804 DescriptionADC0804 Pin Configuration and FunctionsADC0804 Functional Block DiagramADC0804 FeaturesWhere to Use ADC0804How to Use ADC0804ADC0804 Typical ApplicationADC0804 ApplicationsADC0804 Physical DimensionsComponent DatasheetFAQOrdering & QuantityADC0804 Pin Configuration and FunctionsADC0804 Functional Block Diagram ADC0804 FeaturesEasy to interface with all Microprocessors or works Stand-alone.Single-channel 8-bit ADC moduleOn-chip Clock available, no need for external Oscillator(Clock)Digital output various from 0 to 255When Vref = 5V, for every 19.53mV of analog value  there will be the rise of one bit on the digital side (Step size)Available in 20-pin PDIP,  SOIC  packagesWhere to Use ADC0804The ADC0804 is a commonly used ADC module, for projects were an external ADC is required. It is a 20-pin Single channel 8-bit ADC module. Meaning it can measure one ADC value from 0V to 5V and the precision when voltage reference  (Vref –pin 9) is +5V is 19.53mV (Step size). That is for every increase of 19.53mV on the input side there will be an increase of 1 bit on the output side.This IC is very Ideal to use with Microprocessors like  Raspberry Pi, Beagle bone, etc. Or even to use as a standalone ADC module. Every ADC module requires a clock to function; this IC comes with its own internal clock so you don’t have to worry about it. Hence, if you are looking for a compact ADC module with a decent resolution of 8-bit then this IC is for you.How to Use ADC0804Since the IC comes with an internal clock we do not need many components to make it work. However to make the internal clock to work we have to use an RC circuit. The IC should be powered by +5V and both ground pins should be tied to circuit ground. To design the RC circuit simply use a resistor of value 10k and a capacitor of 100pf (approx) and connect them to CLK R and CLK IN pins as shown in the circuit below. The chip select (CS) and Read (R) pin should also be grounded. The Vref pin is left free because by default without any connection it will be connected to +5V.The digital output will be obtained from the pins DB0 to DB7 and the analog voltage should be connected to V in(+) pin as shown in the circuit. Also, note that another end of the voltage source (sensor/module) should also be grounded to the circuit for the ADC conversion to work. Now, for the ADC Conversion to start we have o make the Write(WR) pin to go high momentary this can be done by connecting the pin to the I/O  of MPU and toggling it high before every ADC read. Only if this is done the ADC value on the output side will be updated.In the above circuit, I have used a potentiometer to feed in a variable voltage of 0V to 5V to the Vin pin and the present Voltage is read using a voltmeter. As you can see in the image the voltage value is 1.55V and the resulting binary value is 01001111. Let us see how this binary value can be converted to Analog value, since we will need it while programming/designing.Binary Value = 01001111Converting to Decimal  =  (0*128)+(1*64)+(0*32)+(0*16)+(1*8)+(1*4)+(1*2)+(1*1)                                         =   79Analog Voltage = Decimal Value * Step size                             = 79 * 19.53mV                             = 1.54VThe obtained value is 1.54V and the measured voltage is 1.55V which is very much close. So this is how you use an ADC0804 IC.ADC0804 Typical ApplicationADC0804 ApplicationsTransducer-to-microprocessor interfaceDigital thermometerDigitally-controlled thermostatMicroprocessor-based monitoring and control systemsADC0804 Physical DimensionsDual-In-Line Package (J)Order Number ADC0801LJ, ADC0802LJ, ADC0801LCJ,ADC0802LCJ, ADC0803LCJ or ADC0804LCJADC0802LJ/883 or 5962-9096601MRANS Package Number J20A SO Package (M)Order Number ADC0802LCWM, ADC0803LCWM or ADC0804LCWMNS Package Number M20B Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)Order Number ADC0801LCN, ADC0802LCN,ADC0803LCN, ADC0804LCN or ADC0805LCNNS Package Number N20A Molded Chip Carrier Package (V)Order Number ADC0802LCV, ADC0803LCV or ADC0804LCVNS Package Number V20AComponent DatasheetADC0804 DatasheetFAQWhat is the ADC0804 IC?Low voltage 8-bit Analog to Digital ConverterHow many Volts does ADC0804 work with?0-5 VoltsWhat is the conversion speed of ADC0804?110usWhat type of ADC module is the ADC0804?StandaloneWhat is adc0804?The ADC0804 is a commonly used ADC module, for projects were an external ADC is required. It is a 20-pin Single channel 8-bit ADC module. Meaning it can measure one ADC value from 0V to 5V and the precision when voltage reference (Vref –pin 9) is +5V is 19.53mV (Step size).What is the difference between adc0804 and max1112?ADC0804 is used for parallel ADC and MAX1112 is used for serial ADC.Which pin of the adc0804 indicates the end of conversion?PIN-5 – Interrupt (INTR) This pin automatically goes low when the conversion is done by ADC0804 or when the digital equivalent of analog input is ready.PIN-6 – Vin (+) connect input analog sensor pin/input voltage to this pin.What are ADC and DAC?ADC stands for Analog to Digital Converter, which converts the analog signal into the digital signal. DAC stands for Digital to Analog Converter and it converts the Digital signal into an analog signal.What is the resolution of 8 bit ADC?For example, an ADC with a resolution of 8 bits can encode an analog input to one in 256 different levels (28 = 256). The values can represent the ranges from 0 to 255 (i.e. as unsigned integers) or from −128 to 127 (i.e. as signed integer), depending on the application. 

74HC164 DescriptionThe 74HC164 is an 8-bit serial-in/parallel-out shift register. The device features two serial data inputs  (DSA and DSB ), eight parallel data outputs  (Q0 to Q7). Data is entered serially through DSA  or DSB  and either input can be used as an active HIGH enable for data entry through the other input. Data is shifted on the LOW-to-HIGH transitions of the clock (CP) input. A LOW on the master reset input  (MR) clears the register and forces all outputs LOW, independently of other inputs. Inputs include clamp diodes. This enables the use of current limiting resistors to interface inputs to voltages in excess of VCC.74HC164Catalog74HC164 Description74HC164 Pin Configuration and Functions74HC164 Features74HC164 Functional Block Diagram74HC164 ApplicationsDifferences Between 74HC164 and 74HC59574HC164 Package OutlineComponent DatasheetFAQOrdering & Quantity 74HC164 Pin Configuration and Functions   Pin Functions:74HC164 FeaturesWide supply voltage range from 2.0 to 6.0 VCMOS low power dissipation • High noise immunityInput levels:  1. For 74HC164: CMOS level   2.  For 74HCT164:  TTL  levelGated serial data inputs  Asynchronous master resetComplies with  JEDEC  standardsJESD8C (2.7 V to 3.6 V)JESD7A (2.0 V to 6.0 V)Latch-up performance exceeds 100 mA per JESD 78 Class II Level BESD protection:  1. HBM JESD22-A114F exceeds 2000 V   2. MM JESD22-A115-A exceeds 200 VMultiple package optionsSpecified from -40 °C to +85 °C and -40 °C to +125 °C.74HC164 Functional Block Diagram74HC164 ApplicationsProgramable Logic ControllersAppliancesVideo Display SystemsOutput ExpanderDifferences Between 74HC164 and 74HC59574HC595 Pinout74HC595 Pin FunctionsPin No.SymbolName and Function1,2,3,4,5,6,7,15QA to QHData output8GNDGround (0V)9QHSerial data output10SCLRShift register clear input11SCKShift register clock input12RCKStorage register clock input13GOutput enable input14SISerial data input16VCCPositive supply voltage 74HC595 has a latch, so the output can remain unchanged during the shift; 74HC164 has no latch, so it changes every time a shift clock is generated. This is the biggest difference between the two74HC595 uses a special Q7 pin to realize multi-chip cascade; 74HC164 directly uses output pin Q7 to cascade74HC595 has enable OE, when OE is invalid, the output pin is high impedance; while 74HC164 has no enable pinThe reset of 74HC595 is for the shift register. If you want to reset the LATCH register, you must load the shift register content into the latch register on the rising edge of ST_CP; that is to say: 74HC595 reset is synchronous, 74HC164 reset is asynchronous, So the reset of 74HC164 is easier74HC164 has a corresponding 74HC165 parallel-to-serial chip.74HC164 Package OutlinePackage outline SOT108-1 (SO14) Package outline SOT337-1 (SSOP14)  Package outline SOT402-1 (TSSOP14) Package outline SOT762-1 (DHVQFN14)Component Datasheet74HC164 DatasheetFAQHow does the 74HC164 transmit data in the microcontroller circuit?One pin of the single-chip microcomputer is like a faucet, and the data is sent one by one, that is, like the water from the faucet, dripping drop by drop. The 74H164 is like a small bowl receiving water. It is just full after receiving 8 drops of water. At this time, it is sent to the digital tube.The single-chip microcomputer must send an 8-bit (or more) data, if it is sent at the same time, it is a parallel transmission, if it is a bit by bit, it is a serial transmission. The data of the single-chip microcomputer is sent to the 74HC164 bit by bit, which is serial, and the 74HC164 sends the data to the digital tube at once, which is parallel. So 74HC164 plays a role from serial transmissionto paralleltransmission.What is the difference between 74HC164D and 74HC164N MCU?The D in 74HC164D represents a chip package. The N in 74HC164N means dual in-line plastic packaging.What is the difference between 74HC164 and 74LS164, can they be used together?74ls164 is a TTL circuit, the power supply voltage is 5V, the high-level output current Ioh is -0.4MA, and the low-level output current is 8MA.74HC164 is a CMOS circuit, the power supply voltage is 2V ~ 6V, the output drive current can reach plus or minus 20MA. If the power supply voltage you use is 5V and the output drive current is suitable for 74ls164, they can be used together.What devices can 74hc164 be replaced with?74HC164 is a CMOS device with a power supply voltage of 2V-6V. It can be directly replaced by 74HCT164, 40H164. If the power supply voltage is 5V and the output drive current is small, it can also be replaced by 74164, 74LS164, 74F164, 74ALS164.Which of 74LS164 and 74HC164 has higher driving capability?74LS164 is a TTL device with a high-level driving capability of about 0.4mA and a low-level driving capability of about 8mA. 74HC164 is a CMOS device, with high-level and low-level drive capability up to 20mA. The above data comes from DATASHEET. But generally speaking, the high-level output capability of many CMOS devices is weak, smaller than TTL, and the low-level drive capability is stronger.Can 74hc164n be used to drive the digital tube?Of course, you can use the 164 chip to drive the nixie tube, which is mostly used in situations where the IO port resources are tight and the display data refresh of the nixie tube is slow. When designing the circuit, multiple 164 chips are used in cascade, no matter how many digital tubes are driven, only 2 IO ports of the single-chip microcomputer are occupied. It can be said that it is the most IO port-saving driving method, and it is still driven statically, without strobe and brightness Low phenomenon.The disadvantage is that multiple 164s are used in cascade connection, which will cause the single-chip microcomputer to send a large amount of display data (1 byte per nixie tube) at one time when refreshing the display data. During this process, the nixie tube will be all on, although the data is sent The process duration is very short, but it still affects the display effect. It is recommended to turn off the digital tube when refreshing the data.

Introduction The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep the external part count low, but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value from 20 to 200. The inputs are ground referenced while the output automatically biases to one-half the supply voltage. The quiescent power drain is only 24 mW when operating from a 6 V supply, making the LM386 ideal for battery operation.CatalogIntroductionCatalogI How does LM386 Internal Circuit Work？1.1 Input stage1.2 Voltage Amplifier stage1.3 Output stage1.4 Feedback NetworkII LM386 Application Circuit2.1 Circuit of Infrared alarm2.2 Circuit of Automobile Voice Horn2.3 Circuit of Microcomputer Stereo Power AmplifierFAQOrdering & QuantityI How does LM386 Internal Circuit Work？The principle of the LM386 internal circuit is shown in the figure. The internal circuit is based on a typical audio power amplifier configuration, often referred to as Lin topology. LM386 internal circuit is divided into input stage, voltage amplifier stage  (VAS), output stage (OPS), and feedback network.Figure 1. LM386 Internal Circuit1.1 Input stageThe first module is the PNP emitter follower amplifier  (Q1, Q3). It sets the input impedance and defines the DC operating point to raise the input voltage from the ground, so the circuit will accept the negative input signal to - 0.4V. Both 50K input resistors  (R 1, R 3) have established paths to the base current ground, and the inputs need to be coupled to avoid interfering with the internal bias. So the input impedance is determined by these resistors and is set to 50K.Analysis of voltage gain: The gain of the long-tail pair (Q2, Q4) of the differential amplifier is regulated by two gain setting resistors 1.35k +150 Ω (R5 + R5). External pins 1 and 8 can adjust the gain from 20 (minimum) to 200 (maximum).The voltage gain can be calculated under static conditions (without input signal applied) as follows:Figure 2. Analysis of LM386 voltage gainThe voltage (vdiff) at both ends of R4 and R5 is only the differential input voltage  (VIN) because the base-emitter voltage drop of PNP transistors (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) on both sides of LTP is the same. The current mirror formed by Q5 and Q6 produces equal current on both sides of the LTP. The current is marked as "I".Due to the current mirror, the current intensity through R8 is equal to 2I, while ignoring the current (i7) through the two 15K resistors (R6, R7). these two resistors have a larger impedance compared to the rest of the circuit, thereby:In the figure above, it is easy to see that if i7 = 0, then:∴The formula can also be rewritten in a more general way:Z 1-5 and Z 1-8 are the impedance between the corresponding pins.Without any external components, the gain is GV = 2x15k / (150 + 1350) = 20 (26 dB).Use a capacitor (or shortcut) between pin 1 and 8, then its gain of GV = 2x15k / 150 = 200 (46db).1.2 Voltage Amplifier stageThe common emitter amplifier (Q7) amplifies the low amplitude input signal to the appropriate level directly coupled to the output stage.1.3 Output stageIt is a class AB power amplifier, that is, push-pull configuration. Each transistor amplifies its corresponding half-wave. Because the gain difference between Q9 and Q10 of PNP transistors is in a compound PNP transistor configuration, β TOTAL =β Q9 X β Q10.Divider compensation: Diodes D 1 and D 2 are used to compensate for cross distortion.In fact, in a push-pull topology, the transistor does not start conducting until the input signal begins to exceed its forward voltage (Vbe). The forward voltage (VBE) is the voltage at the base emitter junction (usually about ±0.6 V).In order to offset the minimum conduction limit (Vbe) of the transistors, they need to be biased so that their idling voltage will never be lower than the forward voltage (Vbe). A certain amount of current (called a bias current) will continuously feed into the base of the transistor to ensure that they maintain the sacrificial efficiency of conduction.It is proved that using diodes is one of the best solutions. It provides a temperature-dependent pressure drop. And by matching the thermal coefficient to the transistor, the bias current can be kept fairly stable. If accurate heat tracing is required, install the diodes on the same heat sink as the power transistor. Since one diode is usually not enough, amplifiers usually use multiple diode junctions1.4 Feedback NetworkNegative feedback is applied from the output to the emitter Q4 via the resistor R8. The function of the DC feedback is to stabilize the output DC bias voltage to half of the supply voltage.The functions of DC feedback are as follows: If for some reason VO increases, the corresponding current increment will flow through R8 and into the emitter of Q4. Therefore, the increase of collector current of Q4 leads to the positive increase of base voltage of Q7. This leads to an increase in the collector current of Q7, which reduces the base voltage of Q7, thus reducing Vo.II LM386 Application Circuit 2.1 Circuit of Infrared alarmFigure 3. Circuit of Infrared alarmFigure 3 shows the circuit of the infrared alarm. The circuit is composed of an AND gate circuit, a monostable delay circuit, a four-way infrared transmitting and receiving circuit, a trigger and a two-color light-emitting circuit, and an audio alarm circuit. Four pairs of warning lines for transmission and reception are composed of HF1～HF4 (infrared light-emitting diodes) and BG1～BG4 (infrared receiving pairing tubes). If someone crosses the warning line and the infrared beam is blocked, the corresponding matching tube will be cut off. And the input of the corresponding NAND gate is high level. It makes the trigger terminal pin2 of IC3 (555) obtain a negative differential pulse, that is, the output terminal of the AND gate composed of D1～D4. Therefore, the 555 is set, and the high level is output from pin 3 which makes BG5 saturated and turned on. The chip IC4 (KD-9562) is powered on and an alarm sound is given. The delay width of the IC3 monostable circuit td=1.1Rw1R3 determines the sound time. The delay alarm time corresponding to the parameters in the figure is about 100 seconds. At the same time, the corresponding time can be changed by changing the value of W and C according to the specific situation. The voltage stabilizing tube DW adopts 2cw7 or 2cw10, and the voltage range is about 3V to protect the music integration KD-9562, so as to prevent it from burning due to over-voltage (high voltage). The chip KD-9562 is an eight analog sound integrated circuit, which can select the corresponding music according to the use situation and purpose. LM386 is a single power audio power amplifier integrated circuit, which is used to expand the range of alarm sound. F1-1～F1-6, F2-1～F2-6 use six inverter CD4069. Two-color light-emitting diodes LED1～LED4 adopt 2EF303. Under normal conditions, they emit green light, and when someone crosses the warning line, they send out a red warning light.2.2 Circuit of Automobile Voice Horn Figure 4. Circuit of Automobile Voice HornThe left side of the dotted line in Figure 4 is the original circuit diagram of the vehicle's electric horn. SL is the electric horn button switch on the steering wheel. S2 is a newly added SPDT Switch, which is used for switching between the electric horn and voice horn of the original vehicle. When the switch S2 is set to "2", press the switch Sl, the capacitor Cl is charged, the transistors VTl, VT2 turn on, the relay Jl pulls in. J1-1 is closed and held for 15 seconds to supply power to the circuit. ICl is a dedicated voice integrated circuit HL-169A. Since its working time is 2.8 seconds, the self-excited multivibrator is composed of transistors VT3 and VT4. Every 3 seconds, a high level is output as a trigger signal, so that ICl outputs a voice signal every 3 seconds, and sends it to IC2 for audio power amplification, and the speaker BL emits voice.2.3 Circuit of Microcomputer Stereo Power Amplifier Because the audio signal amplitude of the "line output" of the sound card is too large, the LM386 can be driven to push the speaker. In addition, due to the interference of video signal when playing VCD, it is not good to connect the VCD according to the typical circuit, so it is necessary to add some components and debug the component values. The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 5.Figure 5. Circuit of Microcomputer Stereo Power AmplifierLM386 has two input terminals, 3 pin in-phase input and 2 pin inverting input. The input signal can be input from any end and the other input terminal can be grounded. The input end is connected with capacitor C4 in order to filter out the video interference when playing VCD. The value can be increased appropriately, but it can be used with or without C4 when playing the CD. The pin1 and pin 8 are gain control terminals, which are composed of C2 and W2. The smaller the resistance, the higher the gain. It is more appropriate to adjust the gain of W2 to about 150Ω. If the gain is too high, it will easily cause self-excitation. Pin 7 is connected to a 10μ capacitor. The high frequency component attenuation circuit is composed of R2 and C6 to eliminate the crash sound from the loudspeaker. The capacity of C6 can be adjusted according to the actual effect. Pin 6 is connected to the ground with a 0.1μ capacitor, which acts as a filter to eliminate the static hum of the amplifier. Pin 5 is connected to the coupling capacitor C3. If only one cone speaker is connected to one channel, C3 capacity should not exceed 470 μ, otherwise, the loudspeaker will be blocked when playing low music. If high-frequency and low-frequency crossover technology is adopted, the capacity of C3 can be increased to make the bass fully reflected. W1 is used to adjust the output volume, which is particularly convenient when playing games or listening to CDs.FAQHow much gain is the LM386 internally set to?20What is the LM386 internal circuit often referred to as?Lin topologyWhat are the two input terminals of LM386?3 pin in-phase input and 2 pin inverting inputHow does an LM386 work?The Lm386 integrated chip is a low power audio frequency amplifier, which uses low level power supply like batteries in electronic circuits. It is designed as 8 pin mini DIP package. This provides voltage amplification of 20. By using external parts voltage gain can be raised up to 200.Is lm386 an op amp?The LM386 is a type of operational amplifier (Op-Amp). In an amplifier circuit, the LM386 takes an audio input signal and increases its potential anywhere from 20 to 200 times. That amplification is what's known as the voltage gain.What is lm386 IC?The LM386 is an integrated circuit containing a low voltage audio power amplifier. It is suitable for battery-powered devices such as radios, guitar amplifiers, and hobby electronics projects.How do you calculate lm386 gain?Voltage Gain Analysis:Without any external components, it has a gain of Gv = 2x15K/(150+1350) = 20 (26 dB).With a capacitor (or shortcutting) between pins 1 and 8 , it has a gain of Gv = 2x15K/150 =200 (46dB).Which IC is used in audio amplifier?The IC LM386 is a low-power audio amplifier, and it utilizes low power supply like batteries in electrical and electronic circuits. This IC is available in the package of mini 8-pin DIP.What are some projects that use the LM386 audio amplifier circuit?LM 386 is an integrated class AB amp and is good for beginners small audio amplifier applications…for example in a RF receiver,small Stereo system,cheap low voltage amplifier etc…drawbacks is that it cannot handle much power and hence creates distortion when you crank up the volume too much.. So other ICs are used in practical.How to make an LM386 audio amplifier circuit?

I DescriptionSometimes, if you can use the inexpensive LM386 and use it to make a stereo power amplifier, the effect should be considered ideal. Here, this blog will introduce the methods and experience of using LM386 to make a microcomputer stereo power amplifier.CatalogI DescriptionII Introduction2.1 LM386 schematic2.2 How to use LM386III Installation and commissioningFAQOrdering & QuantityII Introduction2.1 LM386 schematicLM386 is a low-power high-gain power amplifier circuit. Its encapsulation form is shown as in Fig. 1. Figure 1. LM386 PinoutBecause the audio signal amplitude of the "line output" of the sound card is large, it can drive the LM386  and then the speaker. And because it will be interfered by the video signal when playing VCD, it is not good to follow the typical circuit connection. At this time, we need to add some components and debug component values. The schematic diagram of LM386  is shown in Fig. 2. Figure 2. LM386 SchematicLM386 pin functions are as follows:LM386 has two input terminals: non-inverting input terminal 3rd pin and inverting input terminal 2nd pin. The input signal can be input from any end, the other input end is grounded, the input end is connected in parallel with the capacitor C4, the purpose is to filter out the video interference when playing VCD. The value can be increased appropriately, but it can be with or without C4 when playing the CD.Pins 1 and 8 are the gain control terminals, and the gain control network is composed of C2 and W2. The smaller the resistance, the higher the gain. Figure 2 Schematic diagram W2 is more appropriate to adjust the gain to about 150Ω, and the gain is too high to cause self-excitation;Connect a 10μ capacitor to pin 7 to avoid self-excitation when the gain is too high;R2 and C6 form a high-frequency component attenuation circuit to eliminate the "crack" sound from the speaker. Among them, the size of the C6 capacity is adjusted according to the actual effect;A 0.1μ capacitor is connected to the 6th pin to ground to filter and eliminate the static hum of the amplifier;The 5th pin is connected to the coupling capacitor C3. If only one cone speaker is connected to one channel (the author uses a cone speaker with a diameter of 120mm, impedance 8 ohms, and output power of 1W), the C3 capacity cannot exceed 470μ. Otherwise, the speaker will be blocked when playing low music. If the high and low frequency crossover technology is adopted, the C3 capacity can be increased to fully reflect the bass.W1 is used to adjust the output volume, which is especially convenient when playing games or listening to CDs; the working voltage is 10 volts, and a bridge rectifier filter circuit can be made by yourself.2.2 How to use LM386LM386 is an audio power amplifier IC widely used in electronic products and home amateur production. Its typical application circuit is shown in Fig. 3. Figure 3. LM386  CircuitSo, how should we use LM386 correctly?1. Self-excited howling caused by the excessive input signal. For the howling caused by the excessive input signal, a resistance-capacitance network can be added between the 1 and 8 pins of LM386,  In batch application, the resistance of R can be determined by experiments, or R can be replaced by a trimming potentiometer W. If the signal is still too strong, LM386 pins 1 and 8 can be suspended.2. High-frequency self-excitation. The principle of the anti-high frequency self-excitation circuit is shown in Figure 4. For howling caused by high-frequency self-excitation, a 4700pF~0.22μF ceramic capacitor can be connected between the signal input terminal and the ground, and a 1000~4700pF capacitor can be connected between the 8th pin and the ground. When making single-ended input, the idle input terminal should not be grounded. Figure 4. LM386  Circuit3. Low-frequency self-excitation. For howling caused by low-frequency self-excitation, you can try to connect a 68~22kΩ resistor between the input terminal and the ground, increase the filter capacitor of pin 8 to 1000μF, and make the LM386 as close as possible to the output terminal of the power supply when making the printed board.4. When using other brand products (such as GL386, KA386, etc.), some ICs will affect the sensitivity of high-frequency audio. A 0.1μF ceramic capacitor can be connected between its 7th pin and ground, and a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor can be connected between the 4th and 6th pins (note: different from the 8th pin to ground).III Installation and commissioningAccording to the schematic diagram shown in Figure 2, we can make two identical power amplifier circuits, which are combined to form a stereo power amplifier.Because there are few components, it is better to use double-core shielded wires without making printed circuit boards. Then, connect the stereo plug to the two amplifiers, and use the shield wire as the ground wire.Do not connect the amplifier to the sound card after soldering. At this time, we should first check that the welding is correct and then turn on the power, and then tap the two input ends of the stereo plug with metal tweezers. If the two speakers can knock out normally, it indicates that the amplifier is working properly. At this time, after turning off the power of the amplifier and the microcomputer, we can connect it to the sound card.The connection method is to insert the stereo plug into the line output jack (LineOut) of the sound card.Finally, it is emphasized that you should avoid unplugging and plugging the stereo plug when the power is on (microcomputer or amplifier), or welding the circuit when the amplifier is connected to the sound card, so as not to damage the computer.FAQWhat is LM386?Low-power high-gain power amplifier circuitHow many input terminals does LM386 have?Non-inverting input terminal 3th pin and inverting input terminal 2th pin.How does an LM386 work?The Lm386 integrated chip is a low power audio frequency amplifier, which uses low level power supply like batteries in electronic circuits. It is designed as 8 pin mini DIP package. This provides voltage amplification of 20. By using external parts voltage gain can be raised up to 200.Is lm386 an op amp?The LM386 is a type of operational amplifier (Op-Amp). ... In an amplifier circuit, the LM386 takes an audio input signal and increases its potential anywhere from 20 to 200 times. That amplification is what's known as the voltage gain.What is lm386 IC?The LM386 is an integrated circuit containing a low voltage audio power amplifier. It is suitable for battery-powered devices such as radios, guitar amplifiers, and hobby electronics projects.How do you calculate lm386 gain?Voltage Gain Analysis:Without any external components, it has a gain of Gv = 2x15K/(150+1350) = 20 (26 dB).With a capacitor (or shortcutting) between pins 1 and 8 , it has a gain of Gv = 2x15K/150 =200 (46dB).Which IC is used in audio amplifier?The IC LM386 is a low-power audio amplifier, and it utilizes low power supply like batteries in electrical and electronic circuits. This IC is available in the package of mini 8-pin DIP.What are some projects that use the LM386 audio amplifier circuit?LM 386 is an integrated class AB amp and is good for beginners small audio amplifier applications…for example in a RF receiver,small Stereo system,cheap low voltage amplifier etc…drawbacks is that it cannot handle much power and hence creates distortion when you crank up the volume too much.. So other ICs are used in practical.How to make an LM386 audio amplifier circuit?